Piotr Krysiuk discovered that the BPF subsystem in the Linux kernel did not properly apply speculative execution limits on some pointer types. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information (kernel memory). It was discovered that the memory management subsystem in the Linux kernel did not properly handle copy-on-write operations in some situations. A local attacker could possibly use this to gain unintended write access to read-only memory pages. Various other issues were also addressed.
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