The kernel API in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 mishandles permissions, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."
A Windows kernel crash can occur in the nt!RtlEqualSid function invoked through nt!SeAccessCheck by nt!CmpCheckSecurityCellAccess while loading corrupted registry hive files.